I te 3 o Mei, 2023, i whakaputa te EPA i tētahi ture whakahaere mōrearea Wāhanga 6(a) Ture Whakahaere Matū Paitini (TSCA) e whakatakoto ana i ngā here ki te whakaputa, te kawemai, te tukatuka, te tohatoha, me te whakamahinga o te dichloromethane. He whakarewa e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tono kaihoko me ngā tono arumoni. Koinei te ture whakahaere mōrearea tuatahi kua whakaarohia e te EPA mai i tana whakaputanga i tētahi whakamāramatanga mōrearea kua whakahoutia i te tau kua hipa i runga i tana "huarahi matū katoa" me te kaupapa here e kī ana kia kaua ngā kaimahi e mau i ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro (PPE). . E whakaatu ana hoki i te whānui nui o ngā aukati ture e pā ana ki ngā matū kua pāngia e ngā here whakahaere mōrearea TSCA, ahakoa he kaha ake te here o aua here i raro i te anga mahi whakahaere mōrearea a te EPA o mua.
E whakaaro ana te EPA kia aukatia te whakaputanga arumoni, te tukatuka me te tohatoha o te dichloromethane mō te whakamahinga ā-whare; kia aukatia te nuinga o ngā whakamahinga ahumahi me te arumoni o te dichloromethane; e hiahiatia ana kia mau tonu te mana o tētahi mahere tiaki matū motuhake ki te wāhi mahi (WCPP) me te whakarato i ētahi whakawāteatanga whakamahinga nui e herea ana ki te wā e ai ki te Wāhanga 6(g) o te TSCA mō te whakamahinga o te methylene chloride ka pā kino pea ki te haumarutanga ā-motu me ngā hanganga nui. Kei ngā kaipupuri pānga tae noa ki te 3 o Hūrae, 2023 ki te tuku kōrero mō te ture kua whakaarohia.
I roto i te whakaaro mō ngā mahi whakahaere mōrearea mō te dichloromethane, i kitea e te EPA me whai mahi ture te whakamahinga auau o te matū i roto i ngā tono kaihoko, arumoni, me ngā tono ahumahi, me aukati te nuinga, e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 3 o te ture kua whakaarohia. Kei roto i te nuinga o ēnei tikanga whakamahinga, engari kāore i te herea ki, te whakamahinga ahumahi me te arumoni o te methylene chloride mō te horoi i ngā whakarewa, ngā peita me ngā paninga (me ngā horoinga), te tango hinu mamaoa, ngā piripiri, ngā hiri, ngā hiri, ngā kakahu me ngā papanga, me ngā hua tiaki waka. , ngā hinu whakahinuhinu me ngā hinu whakahinuhinu, te whakamahana paipa, te keri hinu me te hau, ngā taonga takaro, ngā taputapu tākaro me ngā hākinakina, me ngā hua kirihou me te rapa. Kua whakatau hoki te EPA me aukati ngā whakamahinga katoa a te kaihoko mō te dichloromethane.
E kī ana te EPA e aukati ana ngā whakaritenga o te tono i ngā whakamahinga e tata ana ki te kotahi hautoru o te katoa o ngā whakaputanga ā-tau (te whakamahinga TSCA me te kore-TSCA) o te methylene chloride i hangaia, "e toe ana he nui ngā taonga e horahia ana hei whakarato i te pūtake e whakaarohia ana e te EPA kia whakaaetia." te whakamahinga tonu Ko ēnei whakamahinga nui, tuatahi rānei nā roto i te Whakakorenga Whakamahinga Nui, WCPP rānei.
Kia kitea e te EPA he nui rawa te tūponotanga kino o tētahi matū ki te hauora tangata, ki te taiao rānei, i roto i tana aromatawai mōrearea, me whakaaro e ia ngā whakaritenga whakahaere mōrearea ki te whānuitanga e tika ana kia kore ai e pāngia te matū e aua mōrearea. Ina whakatakotohia he here whakahaere mōrearea ki tētahi matū, me whakaaro te EPA ki ngā pānga ōhanga o te ture, tae atu ki ngā utu me ngā painga, te whai huatanga o te utu, me te pānga o te ture ki te ōhanga, ki ngā pakihi iti, me te auahatanga hangarau. Mēnā me aukati te matū, kei reira ētahi atu huarahi hangarau me te whai hua o te ōhanga.
E whakaarohia ana e te EPA ngā aukati e whai ake nei mō te whakamahinga o te methylene chloride me ōna rā whai mana:
Kua whakatinanahia hoki e te EPA ngā whakaritenga whakamōhiotanga me te pupuri tuhinga mō ngā kamupene e tuku ana i te methylene chloride ki ngā kiritaki.
Kāore te whakamahinga o te dichloromethane hei tango i ngā peita me ngā paninga mō te whakamahinga a te kaihoko i roto i tēnei aukati, nā te mea kua hipokina kētia tēnei whakamahinga e te ture whakahaere mōrearea a te EPA i whakaputaina i te tau 2019, e whakarārangitia ana i roto i te 40 CFR § 751.101.
Mā te Wāhanga 6(g) o te TSCA ka taea e te EPA te whakakore i ngā huarahi kē atu i ngā whakaritenga o te ture whakahaere mōrearea mō ngā whakamahinga nui, nui rānei e whakaarohia ana e te EPA e wātea ana. Ka whakaaetia hoki ngā whakakorenga mēnā ka whakatau te EPA ka pā kino te whakatutukitanga i tēnei whakaritenga ki te ōhanga o te motu, ki te haumarutanga o te motu, ki ngā hanganga nui rānei. E taunaki ana te Tari Tiaki Taiao o Amerika i tētahi whakakorenga whakamahinga nui mō te methylene chloride i ngā take e whai ake nei:
Kei roto i te WCPP kua whakaarohia e te EPA mō te whakamahinga kua whakaaetia o te dichloromethane ngā whakaritenga whānui mō te tiaki i ngā kaimahi mai i te pānga, tae atu ki te tiaki manawa, te whakamahinga o ngā PPE, te aroturukitanga o te pānga, te whakangungu, me ngā wāhi kua whakaritea. He mea tika kia mōhio kua whakaarohia e te EPA he rohe pānga matū (ECEL) mō ngā kukū methylene chloride i te rangi neke atu i te 2 wāhanga ia miriona (ppm) i runga i te toharite taumaha wā 8-hāora (TWA), he iti iho i te Herenga Whakaaetia o nāianei a te OSHA (PEL) mō te dichloromethane he 25 ppm. Ko te taumata mahi kua whakaarohia ko te haurua o te uara ECEL, ka whakaoho i ngā mahi aroturuki tāpiri hei whakarite kia kore ngā kaimahi e pāngia e ngā kukū i runga ake i te ECEL. E taunaki ana hoki te EPA kia whakatakotohia he rohe pānga poto (EPA STEL) o te 16 ppm mō te wā tauira 15-meneti.
Engari mō te aukati, ka whakaarohia e te EPA ngā whakaritenga hei tiaki i ngā kaimahi i raro i ngā tikanga whakamahi e whai ake nei:
Te Tukatuka: Hei matū matū. Kia mōhio koe, ka whakaaetia e te EPA tēnei whakamahinga kia haere tonu i raro i te WCPP nā te mea e whakaaro ana ia he nui te dichloromethane e hangarua ana mō ēnei whakamahinga, ā, tata katoa ka whakamahia hei hanga HFC-32. Ko te HFC-32 tētahi o ngā matū whakahaeretia i raro i te American Innovation and Manufacturing Act (AIM Act) o te tau 2020. E matapaetia ana e te EPA mā te whakamana i te HFC-32, e kore tēnei ture e aukati i ngā mahi ki te whakaiti i ngā matū ka pā ki te mahana o te ao.
Te whakamahinga ahumahi, arumoni rānei mō te tango peita me ngā paninga mai i ngā wāhanga rererangi me ngā waka mokowhiti e tino pāngia ana e te haumaru, e tairongo ana ki te waikura, nō te US Department of Defense, NASA, Homeland Security, me te Federal Aviation Administration, he tari, he tari rānei e mahi ana i ngā kirimana i ngā wāhi, e whakahaerehia ana e te tari, e te kirimana tari rānei.
Te whakamahinga ahumahi, arumoni rānei hei piripiri mō te kiriaku me te polycarbonate i roto i ngā waka hōia me ngā waka ātea tino nui, tae atu ki te hanga pākahiko motuhake, ngā kaimahi kirimana rānei.
Tērā pea ka hiahia ngā kaipupuri pānga e hanga ana, e tukatuka ana, e tohatoha ana, e whakamahi ana rānei i te methylene chloride mō tētahi taiao whakamahinga aromatawai a te EPA ki te tuku kōrero mō ngā āhuatanga maha o tēnei ture whakatakoto tauira kua whakaarohia. Ka taea e ngā rōpū whai pānga te whakaaro ki te whai wāhi ki te EPA i ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei:
Te Aromatawai i te Huarahi Whakahaere Mōrearea ki ngā Tikanga Whakamahinga: Tērā pea ka hiahia ngā kaipupuri pānga ki te aromatawai mēnā he rite ngā whakaritenga whakahaere mōrearea kua whakaarohia mō ia tikanga whakamahinga ki te aromatawai mōrearea methylene chloride a te EPA mō ia tikanga whakamahinga me te EPA. ™ Ngā mana ture i raro i te Wāhanga 6 o TSCA. Hei tauira, mēnā ka kitea e te EPA he mōrearea koretake te pānga o te methylene chloride ki te kiri i raro i ētahi tikanga whakamahinga, ā, mēnā he nui ake i te tiaki kiri te hiahia a te EPA hei whakaiti i te mōrearea, tērā pea ka hiahia ngā kaipupuri pānga ki te aromatawai i te tika o aua whakaritenga tāpiri.
Ngā Utu: E whakatau tata ana te EPA i ngā utu tāpiri mō te kore-kati e pā ana ki tēnei ture kua whakaarohia ki te $13.2 miriona mō ngā tau 20 i te reiti hekenga 3% me te $14.5 miriona mō ngā tau 20 i te reiti hekenga 7%. Tērā pea ka hiahia ngā kaipupuri pānga ki te aromatawai mēnā ka kapi i ēnei utu kua whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga katoa o te whakatinanatanga o te ture kua whakaarohia, tae atu ki te utu mō te whakatinanatanga anō (te aukati i te whakamahinga) te tutuki rānei i ngā tikanga o te WCPP hei whakaae i te whakamahinga tonu, tae atu ki te tutuki i te ECEL 2 ppm.
Ngā Whakaritenga WCPP: Mō ngā tikanga whakamahi e whakaarohia ana e te EPA kia aukatia, ka taea e ngā kaipupuri hea te aromatawai mēnā kei a rātou ngā raraunga e tautoko ana i te tutuki i te WCPP e tika ana hei whakaiti i te pānga kaua ki te aukati (ina koa mō ngā tikanga whakamahi e whakaarohia ana e te EPA te WCPP hei huarahi kē atu, e whakaarohia ana i roto i te ture kua whakaarohia. He huarahi kē atu ki te aukati i roto i te ture. Ka hiahia pea ngā kaipupuri hea ki te aromatawai i te whaihua o ngā whakaritenga WCPP me te whakaaro ki te tutuki i te paerewa OSHA mō te methylene chloride.
Wātaka: Ka taea e ngā kaipupuri pānga te whakaaro mēnā ka taea te whakarite i te kaupapa aukati kua whakaarohia, ā, mēnā ka taea te whakaaro ki ētahi atu whakamahinga mō te whakakorenga whakamahinga nui-iti-wā, e ai ki ngā paearu ture mō te whakakorenga whakamahinga nui-nui.
Ngā Huarahi kē atu: Ka taea e ngā kaipupuri pānga te tuku kōrero mō te aromatawai a te EPA i ngā huarahi kē atu hei whakakapi i te methylene chloride, me te tirotiro mēnā he huarahi kē atu e utu pai ana, e haumaru ake ana hoki hei neke atu ki ngā whakamahinga kua rāhuitia i raro i te ture.
Ngā Taumata Iti Rawa: Kua tono motuhake te EPA kia tukuna he kōrero mō te maha o ngā whare ka pakaru pea me ngā utu e pā ana, ā, kua aukatia te whakamahinga o te dichloromethane i raro i ētahi tikanga o te whakamahinga ahumahi me te arumoni kua tohua i roto i te ture kua whakaarohia. E hiahia ana hoki te EPA ki te tuku kōrero mō te whakaaro mēnā me whai whakaaro ki ngā taumata iti rawa o te methylene chloride (hei tauira, 0.1%, 0.5% rānei) i roto i ētahi whakatakotoranga mō te whakamahinga ahumahi me te arumoni tauwhiro i te wā e whakaoti ana i te aukati, ā, mēnā koinā, ko ēhea ngā taumata me whakaaro he iti rawa.
Tiwhikete me te Whakangungu: I roto i tana tono, i whakamārama te EPA i whakaarohia hoki e ia te whānuitanga o te whakawhāititanga o te whakamahinga o te methylene chloride e ngā kaupapa tiwhikete me ngā kaupapa urunga kua herea ki ngā kaiwhakamahi kua whakangungua me ngā kaiwhakamahi raihana kia mōhio ai ko ētahi kaimahi tipu anake ka taea te hoko me te whakamahi i te dichloromethane. Tērā pea ka hiahia ngā kaipupuri pānga ki te kōrero mō te whai huatanga o ngā kaupapa tiwhikete me ngā kaupapa whakangungu ki te whakaiti i te pānga o ngā kaimahi hei huarahi whakahaere mōrearea i raro i ētahi tikanga whakamahinga, tae atu ki ngā tikanga whakamahinga e whakaaro ana te EPA ki te aukati.
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