I te 20 o Paenga-whāwhā, 2023, i panuitia e te Tari Tiaki Taiao o Amerika (EPA) te tukunga o tētahi ture kua whakaarohia i raro i te Wāhanga 6(a) o te Ture Whakahaere Matū Paitini (TSCA) e aukati ana i te nuinga o ngā whakamahinga o te methylene chloride. I kī te EPA ko tana aromatawai mōrearea kāore i te whai mana mō te dichloromethane i ahu mai i ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki ngā kaimahi, ngā kaimahi ngaio kāore i te whakamahi (ONU), ngā kaihoko, me te hunga e tata ana ki te whakamahinga a te kaihoko. Kua tautuhia e te Tari Tiaki Taiao te mōrearea o ngā pānga kino ki te hauora tangata mai i te manawa me te pānga kiri ki te methylene chloride, tae atu ki te paitini roro, ngā pānga ki te ate, me te mate pukupuku. I kī te EPA ko tana ture whakahaere mōrearea kua whakaarohia ka "whakaiti tere" i te hanga, te tukatuka me te tohatoha methylene chloride mō ngā whakamahinga katoa a te kaihoko me te nuinga o ngā whakamahinga ahumahi me te arumoni, ko te nuinga ka tino tutuki i roto i ngā marama 15. I kī te EPA mō te nuinga o ngā whakamahinga o te dichloromethane, ka whakaarohia kia aukatia. Kua whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga he maha ngā huarahi kē atu i te dichloromethane me te utu me te whai huatanga rite. Kia whakaputaina te ture kua whakaarohia ki te Federal Register, ka tīmata he wā kōrero 60-rā.
I raro i te tauira putanga o te ture kua whakaarohia i raro i te Wāhanga 6(b) o te TSCA, kua whakatauhia e te EPA he mōrearea kino te methylene chloride ki te hauora, ahakoa te utu, te kore rānei o ētahi atu āhuatanga mōrearea, tae atu ki te mōrearea koretake i roto i ngā āhuatanga whakamahi (COU) mō te hunga kua tautuhia he mea pea ka pāngia, ka ngawari rānei ki te aromatawai mōrearea methylene chloride 2020. Hei whakakore i te mōrearea koretake, e taunaki ana te EPA, i runga anō i te Wāhanga 6(a) o te TSCA:
E ai ki te EPA, ko ngā COU katoa a te TSCA mō te dichloromethane (haunga tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā peita kaihoko me ngā tango peita, e mahi motuhake ana i raro i te TSCA Wāhanga 6 (84 Fed. Reg. 11420, Maehe 27, 2019)) kei raro i tēnei tuku. E ai ki te EPA, e whakamārama ana te TSCA i ngā COU ko ngā āhuatanga e tumanakohia ana, e mōhiotia ana, e kitea ana rānei i raro i te tikanga e hangaia ai, e tukatukahia ai, e tohatohahia ai, e whakamahia ai, e makahia ai rānei he matū mō ngā kaupapa arumoni. Kei te tono te EPA i ngā urupare a te marea mō ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te tono.
E ai ki tētahi pānui pāpāho a te EPA, i kōrero te EPA ki te Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) i te whakawhanake i te ture kua whakaarohia "ā, i whakaarohia hoki ngā whakaritenga a te OSHA o nāianei i te whakawhanake i ngā tiakitanga kaimahi kua whakaarohia." hei whakakore i ngā mōrearea koretake. Kotahi tau te roa o te wā ki ngā kaitukumahi ki te whakatutuki i te WCPP i muri i te tukunga a te EPA i ngā ture whakahaere mōrearea whakamutunga, ā, me aroturuki tonu i ā rātou wāhi mahi kia kore ai ngā kaimahi e pāngia e te methylene chloride, ka taea te waiho hei mōrearea koretake.
E "karanga ana te EPA ki te marea kia arotake i te ture kua whakaarohia, kia tukuna mai hoki ā rātou kōrero." I kī te EPA he "tino hiahia ki te whakarongo ki ngā tirohanga a ngā whakahaere e hiahiatia ana hei whakatinana i te kaupapa kua whakaarohia mō te whaihua me te whai huatanga o ngā whakaritenga tiaki kaimahi kua whakaarohia." E ai ki te EPA, ka whakahaerehia e ia he hui tukutuku tuwhera mō ngā kaitukumahi me ngā kaimahi i ngā wiki e haere ake nei, "engari ka whai hua ki te hunga katoa e rapu ana i tētahi tirohanga whānui o ngā tikanga ture kua whakaarohia hei matapaki i ngā mahere kua whakaarohia."
E matapaetia ana e Bergeson & Campbell, PC (B&C®) te ahunga o ngā mahi whakahaere methylene chloride kua whakaarohia e te EPA me ngā kōwhiringa whakahaere matua. He rite te ture kua whakaarohia e te EPA ki āna taunakitanga i roto i te tauira ture whakahaere mōrearea chrysotile kua whakaarohia, tae atu ki ngā mahi whakahaere kua whakaarohia hei aukati i te whakamahinga, ngā huarahi ture matua mō te whakamahinga wā-poto i raro i te TSCA Wāhanga 6(g) (hei tauira, te haumarutanga ā-motu me ngā hanganga matua) me te whakaaro ki ngā here whakaaturanga matū o nāianei (ECEL) kei raro rawa i ngā here whakaaturanga mahi o nāianei. Kei raro nei, ka whakarāpopotohia e mātou ētahi take me whakaaro ngā mema o te hapori whakahaere i te wā e whakarite ana i ngā urupare a te marea mō ngā tauira ture kua whakaarohia, me te whakamahara ki te katoa i te hiranga o te whai wāhi atu ki te EPA i te tīmatanga i roto i ngā kaupapa kore-whakahaere hei whakarato mōhiohio mō ngā mahi whakahaere i roto i ngā āhuatanga. Ngā ture, tae atu ki te TSCA.
I runga i te aronga kaupapa here hou a te EPA me te huarahi "matū katoa", kāore mātou i te miharo ki te kite ko te mahi ture a te EPA he "ārai i te nuinga o ngā whakamahinga ahumahi me te arumoni o te dichloromethane." Heoi, kei te tuku te EPA i tētahi huarahi ture nui hei whakaae i ētahi whakamahinga kua āraia kia haere tonu i raro i te ture a te WCPP. Ka whakahuatia tēnei e mātou nā te mea e kī ana te Wāhanga 6(a) o te TSCA me "whakamahi te EPA i ngā whakaritenga hei whakakore i ngā mōrearea koretake ki te whānuitanga e tika ana kia kore ai te matū, te ranunga rānei e puta he mōrearea pēnei." Mena ka tiakina e te WCPP me te ECEL te hauora me te taiao, e ai ki te tautoko a te EPA, te āhua nei ko ngā aukati i ētahi whakamahinga kei tua atu i te ture "rahi o te matea". Ahakoa he tiaki te WCPP, he tika tonu te aukati o te whakamahinga a te kaihoko nā te mea kāore pea e taea e ngā kaihoko te whakaatu me te tuhi i te tutuki i ngā tiakitanga i roto i te WCPP. I tētahi atu taha, ki te taea e te wāhi mahi te whakaatu me te tuhi i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a te WCPP, ko reira pea me whakaae tonu taua whakamahinga.
Hei wāhanga o ngā whakaritenga a te WCPP, i kī te EPA me "tūturu ki te Tikanga Taiwhanga Pai [GLP] 40 CFR Wāhanga 792". E taupatupatu ana tēnei whakaritenga ki te nuinga o ngā mahi aroturuki i te wāhi mahi i mahia i runga anō i ngā paerewa o te Kaupapa Whakamana Taiwhanga Āhuatanga Āhuatanga Āhuatanga Āhuatanga (IHLAP). Ko ngā tumanakohanga a te EPA mō te whakamātautau GLP mō te aroturuki i te wāhi mahi e hangai ana ki te whakahau whakamātautau i tukuna i te tau 2021, engari kāore i tana whakahau whakaae paerewa. Hei tauira, ko te tauira whakahau EPA TSCA Wāhanga 5(e) e whakamārama ana i ngā mea e whai ake nei i te Wāhanga III.D:
Heoi, kāore e hiahiatia he tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a te TSCA GLP i roto i tēnei wāhanga hou mō ngā Herenga Whakapuakanga Matū, ina whakamanahia ngā tikanga tātari e tētahi taiwhanga kua whakamanahia e: te American Industrial Hygiene Association (“AIHA”) Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Accreditation Program (“IHLAP”) me tētahi atu kaupapa rite kua whakaaetia ā-tuhi e te EPA.
Kua tono te EPA kia tukuna mai he kōrero mō ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te ture kua whakaarohia, e taunaki ana a B&C kia whakaarohia e ngā rōpū e pāngia ana. Hei tauira, kei te matapaki te EPA i te mana i raro i te Wāhanga 6(g) o te TSCA ki te tuku whakawāteatanga wā-poto mō ētahi tikanga whakamahi pēnei i te rererangi ā-iwi, ā, e kī ana te EPA ko te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga kua whakaarohia ka "tino whakararuraru i...ngā hanganga nui." "E kite ana mātou ka uru atu ki tēnei whakakorenga te whakatutukitanga ki te WCPP. Waihoki, ki te mea he tiaki te WCPP, ā, ka taea e te whare te whakatutukitanga ki te WCPP (hei tauira, ECEL kore-matepukupuku mau tonu 2 wāhanga ia miriona (ppm) me te rohe whakaaturanga wā poto (STEL) 16 wāhanga ia miriona), te āhua nei he nui rawa atu te wā i ngā whakaritenga tiaki hauora me te taiao. E whakapono ana mātou ka whakamahia he whakakorenga ina kore e ranea ngā tiakitanga hei aro atu ki te mōrearea, ā, ka tino whakararuraru te aukati i ngā rāngai nui (hei tauira, te tiaki whenua, te rererangi, te hanganga). Te āhua nei he huarahi rite ki te Ture a te Kotahitanga o Europi mō te Rēhitatanga, te Aromatawai, te Whakamanatanga me te Herenga o ngā Matū (REACH), e aukati ana i ngā matū kino ahakoa he rawaka ngā mahi haumaru i roto i ngā wāhi katoa engari ko ngā wāhi kua herea. Ahakoa he pai pea tēnei huarahi ki te katoa, engari ki tā mātou whakaaro, kāore e tutuki i te mana o te Wāhanga 6 o te EPA. 'T.
E whakahua ana te EPA i tētahi pepa o te tau 2022 ko "Te Aromatawai i ngā Huarahi Rēweti ki te Whakamahinga o te Dichloromethane" (tohutoro 40 i roto i te ture kua whakaarohia) puta noa i te ture kua whakaarohia. I runga i tēnei aromatawai, i kī te EPA "i tautuhia e rātou ngā hua kei roto ngā kai me ētahi whakatauranga tirotiro tūponotanga iti iho i te dichloromethane me ētahi kai me ngā whakatauranga tirotiro tūponotanga teitei ake i te dichloromethane (tohutoro 40)". I te wā o tēnei kōrero, kāore anō te EPA kia tukuake i tēnei tuhinga ki te Rārangi Arowhai Ture, kāore anō hoki te EPA kia wātea ki tana pātengi raraunga Rangahau Hauora me te Taiao (HERO) ipurangi. Ki te kore e tirotirohia ngā taipitopito o tēnei tuhinga, kāore e taea te aromatawai i te pai o ngā huarahi kē atu mō ia whakamahinga. Tērā pea kāore ngā huarahi kē atu ki te tango peita e mahi pērā i ngā whakarewa, pērā i ngā mea e whakamahia ana hei horoi i ngā wāhanga hiko tairongo i roto i ngā waka rererangi.
I kōrero mātou mō te kore o ngā tuhinga i runga ake nei nā te mea me whai ēnei mōhiohio ngā whakahaere e pāngia ana e te aukati a te EPA hei whakatau i te whaihua hangarau o ngā huarahi kē atu, hei aromatawai i ngā mōrearea pea o ngā huarahi kē atu e tika ana (ka arahi pea ki ngā mahi ture a te TSCA ā muri ake nei), me te whakarite mō ngā whakaaro o te marea. . E kite ana mātou kei te matapakihia e te US EPA ēnei take "rerekē" i roto i tana ture chrysotile kua whakaarohia, kei roto ko te whakaaro o te US EPA ki te aukati i te whakamahinga o te chrysotile i roto i ngā diaphragms e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga chlor-alkali. E whakaae ana te EPA "he nui ake te kukū o ngā matū perfluoroalkyl me te polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) i roto i ngā hangarau kē atu mō ngā diaphragms kei roto te asbestos i roto i te hanga chlor-alkali ki te whakataurite ki te nui o ngā matū PFAS kei roto i ngā diaphragms kei roto te asbestos," engari kāore e whakataurite anō i ngā mōrearea me ngā mōrearea pea o ngā huarahi kē atu.
Haunga ngā take whakahaere mōrearea o runga ake nei, e whakapono ana mātou kei te mau tonu ngā āputa ture nui i roto i te aromatawai a te Tari Tiaki Taiao o Amerika mō ngā mōrearea pea e pā ana ki te dichloromethane. E ai ki tā mātou tuhinga o te 11 o Noema, 2022, e kōrero tonu ana te EPA mō tana whakamahinga o tētahi tuhinga o te tau 2018 ko "Te Whakamahi i te Tātari Pūnaha ki te Aromatawai Mōrearea TSCA" ("Tuhinga SR 2018") hei pūtake mō te whakatinanatanga o ana herenga. Ka whakamahia e te whakaritenga ngā raraunga pūtaiao me ngā taunakitanga pūtaiao pai rawa atu e wātea ana i roto i te Wāhanga 26(h) me te (i) o TSCA. Hei tauira, e kī ana te EPA i roto i tana ture kua whakaarohia mō te methylene chloride:
E whakaaro ana te EPA ko te dichloromethane ECEL te pūtaiao pai rawa atu e wātea ana i raro i te Wāhanga 26(h) o te TSCA nā te mea i ahu mai i ngā mōhiohio i whiwhi mai i te aromatawai mōrearea dichloromethane o te tau 2020, he hua tēnei o tētahi tātaritanga pūnaha hōhonu i mahia. ngā whakamātautau hei tautuhi i ngā pānga kino ki te hauora. [raro]
E ai ki tā mātou i tuhituhi ai i mua, i arotakehia e te National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) te tuhinga SR o te tau 2018 i runga i te tono a te EPA, ā, i whakatau rātou:
Kāore te huarahi a te OPPT ki te arotake pūnaha e whakaata tika ana i te mea tūturu, [ā,] me whakaaro anō te OPPT ki tana huarahi ki te arotake pūnaha, me te whai whakaaro ki ngā kōrero me ngā taunakitanga kei roto i tēnei pūrongo.
E whakamaharatia ana ngā kaipānui e te Wāhanga 26(h) o te TSCA me whakatau e te EPA ngā whakataunga i runga anō i te pūtaiao pai rawa atu e wātea ana i runga anō i ngā Wāhanga 4, 5, me te 6 o te TSCA, tae atu ki ngā kawa me ngā tikanga pēnei i ngā arotake pūnaha. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakamahinga a te EPA i te tuhinga SR 2018 i roto i tana aromatawai mōrearea dichloromethane whakamutunga e whakararu ana hoki i te tutuki a te EPA i ngā whakaritenga taunakitanga pūtaiao kua whakatakotoria i roto i te Wāhanga 26(i) o te TSCA, e whakarōpūtia ana e te EPA hei "huarahi tātari pūnaha" mō ngā taunakitanga, i roto rānei i tētahi tikanga whakatau. …"
E rua ngā ture i whakaarohia e te EPA i raro i te Wāhanga 6(a) o te TSCA, arā, ko te Chrysotile me te Methylene Chloride, e whakatakoto ana i ngā ture mō ngā ture whakahaere mōrearea kua whakaarohia e te EPA mō ngā matū nui e 10 e toe ana e whakaarohia ana e te EPA he mōrearea koretake. Ka whakamahia ētahi whakaaro i roto i te aromatawai mōrearea whakamutunga. Me whakarite ngā ahumahi e whakamahi ana i ēnei matū mō te aukati e haere ake nei, te WCPP, te whakawāteatanga wā-iti rānei e hiahia ana kia tutuki i te WCPP. E taunaki ana te B&C kia arotakehia e ngā kaipupuri hea te ture methylene chloride kua whakaarohia, ahakoa kāore ngā kaipānui e whakamahi i te methylene chloride, me te tuku kōrero tika, me te mōhio ko ngā kōwhiringa whakahaere mōrearea kua whakaarohia mō te methylene chloride ka uru pea ki roto i ētahi atu paerewa EPA a meake nei. ture. Ngā matū me te aromatawai mōrearea whakamutunga (hei tauira, 1-bromopropane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,4-dioxane, perchlorethylene me te trichlorethylene).
Whakakape: Nā te āhua whānui o tēnei whakahoutanga, kāore pea ngā mōhiohio kua whakaratohia i konei e tika ana mō ngā āhuatanga katoa, ā, kaua e whakamahia me te kore he tohutohu ture motuhake e pā ana ki tō āhuatanga.
© Bergeson & Campbell, PC var I Tēnei Rā = Rā Hou(); var yyyy = I Tēnei Rā.tikiTauKatoa();tuhituhi.tuhi(yyyy + ” “); | Ngā Pānui a te Roia
Mana pupuri © var I Tēnei Rā = Rā Hou(); var yyyy = I Tēnei Rā.tikiTauKatoa(); tuhinga.tuhi(yyyy + ” “); JD Supra LLC