I whakaputaina tēnei tuhinga i te taha o te Center for Public Integrity, he ratonga pūrongo kore-moni e arotahi ana ki te rangahau mō te kore taurite.
Kaukau. paparanga. pahikara. I roto i ngā marama tekau i mahi ai a Kevin Hartley, Drew Wynn, me Joshua Atkins tetahi i tetahi i te wā i mate ai rātou, engari i mahi tonu rātou. He rerekē ngā taonga, engari ko te take e whakapoto ana i tō rātou oranga he rite tonu: ko ngā matū kei roto i ngā mīhini tango peita me ētahi atu hua e hokona ana i ngā toa. puta noa i te motu.
I roto i te pouri me te wehi, ka oati ō rātou whānau ki te mahi i ngā mea katoa e taea ana e rātou kia kore ai e mate tētahi atu tangata i te methylene chloride.
Engari i te Hononga o Amerika, he iti noa ngā whare matū kua pāngia e te mate ōrite nā te ngoikore o ngā tiakitanga kaimahi me ngā tiakitanga kaihoko. Nō reira, ka noho ko te methylene chloride hei kaikōhuru raupapa, ahakoa ngā whakatūpato mō ngā tūponotanga o ōna kohu i mua noa atu i te whānautanga o Hartley, Wayne, me Atkins. E tekau, ki te kore he nui ake, kua mate i ngā tekau tau tata nei, me te kore wawaotanga a tētahi tari.
Whai muri i tētahi rangahau a te Center for Public Integrity me ngā waea mai i ngā kaiwhakatairanga haumaru, i te mutunga ka tūtohu te US Environmental Protection Agency i tētahi aukati whānui i te whakamahinga o te matū i roto i ngā mīhini tango peita.
Ko Hānuere 2017, ngā rā whakamutunga o te whakahaerenga a Obama. I mate a Hartley i te marama o Āperira o taua tau, a Wynn i te marama o Oketopa o taua tau, ā, a Atkins i te marama o Pēpuere o te tau i muri mai, i te wā i kaha ai te whakahaerenga a Trump ki te whakakore i ngā ture, ā, i hiahia ki te whakakore i ngā ture kaua ki te tāpiri atu—ina koa ko te taiao EPA. Kāore i angitu te tono mō te methylene chloride.
Heoi, 13 marama i muri i te matenga o Atkins, i raro i te pēhanga, ka whakatau te Tari Tiaki Taiao a Trump ki te aukati i te hokohoko o ngā mīhini tango peita kei roto ko te methylene chloride. I te marama o Āperira, i whakaarohia e te Tari Tiaki Taiao a Biden he ture hei aukati i te matū i roto i ngā hua kaihoko katoa me te nuinga o ngā wāhi mahi.
"He onge te mahi i tēnei i te Hononga o Amerika," te kī a Tākuta Robert Harrison, he ahorangi haumanu mō te rongoā mahi me te taiao i Te Whare Wānanga o California, San Francisco. "Ko ēnei whānau aku toa."
Anei ngā huarahi i wikitoria ai rātou i ngā wero hei whakatutuki i ēnei hua, me ā rātou taunakitanga mēnā kei te tīmata koe i tētahi ara uaua ōrite, ahakoa he hua morearea, he taiao mahi morearea, he poke, he whara rānei.
"Rapua ngā mea katoa i runga i a Google," te kī a Brian Wynn, nāna nei i hoko mai tōna teina 31-tau te pakeke, a Drew, i te methylene chloride hei whakahou i tana toa kawhe makariri me tana pouaka whakamātao i South Carolina. "Ā, me te toro atu ki te iwi."
Koinei te huarahi i kitea ai e ia te Uiuitanga Pono ā-Iwi, i whakaputaina i ngā tau e rua i mua i te matenga o tōna tuakana, i whakapā atu ai ki ngā tohunga, i ako ai i ngā mea katoa mai i te wāhi e taea ai e ia te hoko i te hua tae noa ki te take i uaua ai te whai i ngā matenga. (He whakamate ngā paoa methylene chloride ina kohia i roto i ngā wāhi kua kati, ā, ka taea te whakararu i ngā mate ngakau e rite ana ki ngā matenga tūturu mena kāore he tangata e mahi ana i ngā whakamātautau paitini.)
He tohutohu nā Wendy Hartley, te whaea o Kevin: Ko te kupu matua o te rapunga ko te "mātauranga". Tērā pea he whānuitanga o ngā rangahau e tatari ana ki a koe i reira. "Mā tēnei ka āwhina i te wehewehe i ngā whakaaro mai i ngā meka," tana i tuhituhi ai i roto i tētahi īmēra.
I kōrero a Lauren Atkins, te whaea o Joshua, 31 tau te pakeke, i mate i a ia e mahi ana i te marau pahikara BMX, ki a Harrison o UCSF i ētahi wā. I te Hui-tanguru 2018, i kitea e ia tana tama kua mate i runga i te whenua me tētahi ipu rita o te mīhini tango peita e takoto tata ana.
Nā te mōhiotanga o Harrison ki te methylene chloride i āwhina i a ia ki te whakamārama i ngā pūrongo paitini me te tātaritanga tupapaku o tana tama kia mārama ai te take o te matenga. Nā tēnei māramatanga ka hangaia he pūtake pakari mō te mahi.
He maha ngā wā, ka pāngia te tangata e ngā matū mō te wā roa e ngā pānga hauora, ā, kāore pea e kitea mō ngā tau maha. He rite tonu te kōrero mō te parahanga. Engari, ki te hiahia koe kia mahi ngā kāwanatanga ki te whakatika i aua kino, he tīmatanga pai tonu te rangahau mātauranga.
Ko tētahi o ngā tino pūtake o tō rātou angitu ko ngā hononga a te whānau ki ngā rōpū e mahi kē ana i ngā take haumaru matū, me ngā hononga hoki ki a rātou anō.
Hei tauira, i kitea e Lauren Atkins tētahi petihana a Change.org mō ngā hua methylene chloride mai i te rōpū tautoko Safe Chemicals for Healthy Families (ināianei ko Toxic Free Future) ā, i hainatia e ia te petihana hei maumaharatanga ki tana tama i ngaro tata nei. I tere te totoro atu o te ringa o Brian Wayne.
Kua hono tahi ngā mana kaha ki te whakatutuki i ō rātou painga. Ki te kore he mahi a te EPA, kāore ēnei whānau e tīmata anō mā te akiaki i ngā kaihokohoko ki te tango i ngā hua mai i ā rātou whata: I whakarewahia e Safer Chemicals Healthier Families tana kaupapa "Whakaarohia ngā Toa" hei whakautu i tēnei momo karanga.
Kāore rātou e hiahia ana ki te whakaaro i ngā ture a te tari, i ngā mahi ā-roto rānei o te tautoko i Capitol Hill. He tohungatanga tō Safer Chemicals, Healthy Families, me te Environmental Defense Fund ki tēnei mara.
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"Ina taea e koe te whakatū i tētahi tīma pēnei ... he tino kaha tō koutou," te kī a Brian Wynn, me te tohu ki te Kaunihera Tiaki Rauemi Taiao hei tētahi atu rōpū e whai ana i te take.
Ehara i te mea ka taea e te katoa e hiahia ana ki tēnei pakanga te whai wāhi atu ki te marea. Hei tauira, ko ngā manene kāore he mana ture tuturu ka nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā mōrearea ki te wāhi mahi, ā, ko te kore mana ka uaua, ka kore rānei e taea e rātou te kōrero.
Ki te arotahi katoa ēnei whānau ki te EPA, kāore pea te tari e mahi i tetahi mea, inā koa te pana a te whakahaerenga Trump ki ngā ture.
Kei te pēhi rātou i ngā kaihokohoko mā te "whakahaere i ā rātou toa" kia kaua e hoko i ngā mīhini tango peita kei roto ko te methylene chloride hei whakaora oranga. I angitu ngā pitihana me ngā whakahē. Kua whakaae ngā kamupene tae atu ki a Home Depot me Walmart ki te whakamutu.
Kei te karanga rātou ki ngā mema o te Runanga kia mahi mā roto i te Safer Chemicals, Healthier Families me te Environment Fund. I anga atu rātou ki Washington me ngā whakaahua whānau i te ringa. I kōrero rātou ki ngā kairīpoata, ā, i tae mai ngā pūrongo i whakanui ake i te taupatupatu.
I tuhituhi ngā mema paremata o South Carolina me tētahi mema paremata i tētahi reta ki a Scott Pruitt, te Kaiwhakahaere o te Tari Tiaki Taiao i taua wā. I whakapuaki tētahi atu mema paremata i ngā whakahē ki a Pruitt i tētahi whakawakanga i te marama o Paenga-whāwhā 2018. E whakapono ana a Brian Wynn nā ēnei katoa i āwhina te whānau ki te whakarite i tētahi hui ki a Pruitt i te marama o Mei 2018.
"I ohorere te kaitiaki haumaru nā te mea kāore tetahi i haere mai ki a ia," te kī a Brian Wayne. "He rite tonu ki te tūtaki ki te whenua nui, mana o Oz."
I te haerenga, ka tukuna e te whānau he kereme ture. I whakamahia e rātou ngā pāpāho pāpori hei whakatūpato i te iwi kia kaua e whakararu i a rātou anō. I haere a Lauren Atkins ki ngā toa taputapu ki te tirotiro mēnā kei te tangohia e rātou ngā hua methylene chloride mai i ā rātou whata e ai ki tā rātou i kī ai. (I ētahi wā āe, i ētahi wā kāo.)
Ki te mea he ahua hoha tēnei katoa, kāore koe i te hē. Engari e whakapono ana ngā whānau kua mārama te mea kua tupu me i kore rātou e wawao mai.
"Kāore he mea e mahia," te kī a Lauren Atkins, "kāore anō kia mahia i mua."
Ka nui haere ngā wikitoria iti. Nā te mea kāore te whānau i ngāwari, ka hua ake tētahi atu wikitoria. He mea nui te tirohanga roa: He puhoi te hanga ture ā-motu.
Tērā pea ka roa pea ētahi tau, neke atu rānei, mō tētahi tari ki te whakaoti i te rangahau e hiahiatia ana hei whakatakoto i tētahi ture. Me wikitoria e te tono ngā arai i mua i te whakaotinga. Heoi anō, ka taea te whakauru haere i ngā here, i ngā whakaritenga hou rānei i roto i te wā.
Ko te mea i tere ai te aukati i ngā whānau mai i te EPA, ko te tukunga a te tari i te tono i mua i te whakamutu. Engari e rua tau me te hawhe i muri i te matenga o Kevin Hartley i mua i te mana o ngā here a te Environmental Protection Agency. Kāore hoki e kapi i ngā whakamahinga o te wāhi mahi, pērā i te mahi peita kaukau e mahia ana e Kevin, 21 tau te pakeke, i te mahi.
Heoi, i roto i tētahi tari, tera pea he rerekē ngā whakataunga a ngā kaiwhakahaere rerekē. Ko te tono hou a te EPA, e tumanakohia ana kia whakaaetia i te marama o Ākuhata 2024, ka aukati i te whakamahinga o te methylene chloride i te wāhi mahi mō te nuinga o ngā kaupapa, tae atu ki te whakakanapa i te kaukau.
"Me manawanui koe. Me u tonu," te kī a Lauren Atkins. "Mō te oranga o tētahi, inā koa mō āu tamariki, ka kitea e koe. I te ara tika tonu."
He uaua te hanga huringa. Tērā pea ka uaua ake te kawe mai i te huringa nā te mea kua whara koe, kua whara rānei tētahi e arohaina ana e koe, ahakoa ka taea e tēnei te whakarato i te whakamarie e kore e taea e tētahi atu.
"Whakapirihia ō whitiki, nā te mea ka waiho tēnei hei aituā kare ā-roto," te whakatūpato a Lauren Atkins. "E pātai mai ana te tangata ki ahau i ngā wā katoa, ahakoa te uaua me te kare ā-roto, he aha ahau ka mahi tonu ai i tēnei? Ko taku whakautu i mua, ā, ka haere tonu: "Kia kore ai koe e noho noa." tōku tūranga. Kia kore ai koe e noho tahi me ahau i ēnei wā."
"Me pēhea tāu mahi ina ngaro te haurua o koe? I ētahi wā ka whakaaro ahau kua mutu te patu o tōna ngākau, ā, kua mutu te patu o tōku ngākau i taua rā anō," tana kī. "Engari nā te mea kāore au e hiahia kia pāngia ētahi atu e tēnei āhuatanga, ā, kāore au e hiahia kia ngaro i ētahi atu ngā mea i ngaro i a Joshua, koinā taku whāinga. Kua rite ahau ki te mahi i ngā mea katoa e tika ana."
He rite tonu ngā whakaaro o Brian Wynne, ā, e taunaki ana ia i ētahi mahi hei whakaiti i te ahotea hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakaoti i tētahi marathon. Nāna te whare takaro. "Me kimi e koe he putanga mō ō kare ā-roto," tana kī.
Kua kitea e Wendy Hartley kei te whakaora te mahi whakahē i a ia anō – mā te tautoko a ētahi atu whānau me ngā hua ka tutuki ngātahi i a rātou.
I a ia e tuku ana i ōna okana, he pānga tika tā tāna tama ki te oranga o ētahi atu. He mea whakaharikoa te kite i tōna taonga tuku iho e horapa atu ana ki ngā whata toa me ngā whare kāwanatanga.
"He maha atu ngā oranga i whakaorangia e Kevin," ko tāna i tuhituhi, "ā, ka haere tonu tana whakaora oranga mō ngā tau e haere ake nei."
Ki te mea kei te akiaki koe i te huringa, he māmā noa te whakaaro ko ngā kaitautoko e whakapau moni ana ki te pupuri i te āhua o nāianei ka toa tonu. Engari he taumaha tō wheako ora e kore e taea te hoko.
"Ki te mōhio koe ki te kōrero i tō pūrākau, ā, he wāhanga hoki nō tō oranga, ka taea e koe te mahi - ā, ki te taea e koe te kōrero i taua pūrākau, kia ora koutou, e ngā kaitautoko," te kī a Brian Wayne. "Kei te haere mai mātou me te ngākau nui me te aroha kāore e taea te whakataurite."
He tohutohu nā Wendy Hartley: “Kaua e wehi ki te whakapuaki i ō kare ā-roto.” Kōrerohia te pānga o ēnei kare ā-roto ki a koe me tō whānau. “Whakaaturia ki a rātou te pānga whaiaro mā roto i ngā whakaahua.”
"E ono tau ki muri, me i kī mai tetahi, 'Me i nui tō hamama, kua rongo te kāwanatanga,' kua kata ahau," te kī a Lauren Atkins. "Me pēhea? Ka taea e te reo kotahi te hanga rerekētanga. Ki taku whakaaro ko tētahi wāhanga tēnā o te taonga tuku iho a taku tama."
He kairīpoata a Jamie Smith Hopkins mā te Center for Public Integrity, he rūma pūrongo kore-moni e arotake ana i te kore taurite.