E matapaetia ana ka haere tonu tēnei ia hekenga, nā te iti o te tono, te iti o ngā utu rauemi mata, me te rawaka o te tuku. #aromatawai anō
I te taenga ki te hauwhā tuawhā, kua heke tonu ngā utu o te PE, PP, PS, PVC me te PET mai i te marama o Hūrae, nā te puhoi o te tono, te rawaka o te tuku, te hekenga o ngā utu rauemi mata me te koretake whānui o te ōhanga o te ao. Mō te polyethylene me te polypropylene, ko te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaha hou he take anō, ā, ko ngā kawemai utu whakataetae he raruraru mō te PET me te polystyrene pea.
Anei ngā whakaaro o Michael Greenberg, Kaitohutohu Hoko i Resin Technology, Inc. (RTi), Kaitātari Matua i PetroChemWire (PCW), Tumu Whakahaere Matua o The Plastics Exchange, me Scott Newell, EVP Polyolefins i te kaituku kapia me te kaihanga matū Spartan Polymers.
Ahakoa te pānuitanga a ngā kaiwhakarato polyethylene i te pikinga utu o te 5-7 hēneti mō ia pauna i te marama o Hepetema ki Oketopa, i heke iho ngā utu polyethylene i te iti rawa i te 4 hēneti ki te 6 hēneti mō ia pauna i te marama o Ākuhata, ā, e matapaetia ana ka heke iho anō i te marama o Hepetema, e ai ki a David Barry. PCW Kaiwhakahaere Tuarua o Polyethylene, Polystyrene, me Polystyrene Robin Chesshire, RTi Tumuaki Tuarua o Polyethylene, Polystyrene, me Nylon-6 Markets, me Greenberg o Plastics Exchange. Engari, e whakapono whānuitia ana e ēnei puna ka heke iho pea ngā utu i te marama o Oketopa me tēnei marama.
I kī a Chesshire o RTi, i kaha tonu te tono mō te polyethylene mō te nuinga o te tau, engari i te mutunga o Hepetema kua heke iho i te nuinga o ngā wāhanga mākete. I kī a Barry o PCW, ko te iti o ngā utu rauemi mata, te korenga o ngā tohu o te pikinga ake o te tono me te whakatuwheratanga o tētahi kaha hou nui mai i Shell, e kore e piki ake ngā utu. I kī anō ia kua heke ngā utu o te polyethylene i te 4 hēneti ki te 7 hēneti ia pauna i te marama o Hepetema: "Kei te ngoikore tonu te tono kaweake, he nui ngā taonga a ngā kaihokohoko, ā, kei te kore e tino mārama ngā nekehanga utu i te marama e haere ake nei. Kāore e tino mau tonu te utu nā te mea e tumanako ana ngā kaihoko ki te whakahekenga utu i ngā rā kei te heke mai."
I kī anō ngā puna kua whakaitihia te whakaputanga e ngā kaiwhakarato. I te marama o Oketopa, i whakaahua a Greenberg i te mākete tūnga: "Ko te nuinga o ngā tukatuka kei te hoko tonu i te kapia i te mea e hiahiatia ana, ā, kei te tīmata ētahi tukatuka ki te hoko atu i te kapia i te mea ka pai ake ngā utu, ahakoa kua puhoi te hiahia o ngā kaihoko i roto i te maha o ngā ahumahi o raro iho nā te mea he iti ake te pikinga o ngā utu. Ngā āwangawanga mō te pikinga o te utu Kei te whakahawea tonu ngā kaihanga me ētahi atu kaiwhakarato kapia nui ki ngā reiti iti i te mea ka huri te ia o te hekenga, me te iti haere o ngā tau whakahaere me ngā utu teitei ake i Āhia, i runga i te whakaaro i āwhina tēnei ki te whakapai ake i te hiahia ā-rohe i te mea i whakapuaki ētahi kaihoko i te āwangawanga mō ngā hua kua ngaro. ngā mahi nui me ngā utu rahui iti."
I heke ngā utu o te polypropylene mā te 1 hēneti/pauna i te marama o Ākuhata, ā, i piki ake ngā utu o te propylene monomer mā te 2 hēneti/pauna, engari i heke ngā tawhē a ngā kaiwhakarato mā te 3 hēneti. E ai ki a Barry o PCW, Newell o Spartan Polymers me The Plastic Exchange, i heke ngā utu katoa mō te polypropylene mā te 8 hēneti ia pauna i te marama o Hepetema, i heke ngā utu whakataunga mō ngā kirimana monomer mā te 5 hēneti ia pauna, ā, i ngaro atu i ngā kaiwhakarato ētahi atu 3 hēneti nā te iti o ngā tawhē. lb. Greenberg. Hei tāpiri, e whakapono ana ēnei puna ka heke anō ngā utu i te marama o Oketopa, ahakoa kāore anō kia rerekē, kia heke rānei ngā utu i tēnei marama.
E kite ana a Barry i tētahi hekenga rua-mati pea i te marama o Oketopa, e kī ana i te iti o te tono me te nui rawa o te tuku. Mō tēnei marama, e kite ana ia i tētahi atu hekenga i te mea ka whakarewahia e Exxon Mobil tētahi tipu polypropylene hou, ā, ka whakanuia e Heartland Polymer te whakaputanga i tana tipu hou. E matapaetia ana e Newell ka heke ngā utu o te propylene monomer mā te 5 hēneti ki te 8 hēneti i te pauna nā te iti o ngā utu ā-ao. E tūpono ana ia ki tētahi atu hekenga o te hua. I kite ia e matapaetia ana ka tapahia e ngā kaiwhakarato polypropylene te whakaputanga nā te nui o te £175m i te marama o Hūrae-Ākuhata i te mea ka heke te tono. Kua piki ake te maha o ngā rā tuku ki te 40 rā i te marama o Hepetema, ki te whakataurite ki te 30-31 rā noa i roto i tētahi mākete taurite. I tohu ēnei puna i ngā hekenga o te 10 ki te 20 hēneti i te pauna ki te whakataurite ki ngā utu mākete ā-ao.
I whakaahuahia e Greenberg te mākete PP i te mea he puhoi tonu te tono tae noa ki Oketopa, ā, i kīia tēnei nā te puhoi o te ōhanga o te ao, te koretake o te ōhanga mō te wā poto, te nui rawa o te hanga kapia me ngā kaihoko e whakapau kaha ana ki ngā whiriwhiringa. "Mēnā ka haere tonu ngā kaihanga ki te ārahi me te toa i ngā ota mā roto i ngā huringa hea, kaua ki te whakaroa noa i te whakaputanga hei taurite i te tuku me te tono, tera pea ka kite tātou i ngā hekenga tawhē a muri ake nei."
Whai muri i te hinganga o te 22 hēneti ki te 25 hēneti ia pauna i te marama o Ākuhata, ka hinga ngā utu o te polystyrene ki te 11 hēneti ia pauna i te marama o Hepetema, ā, e matapaetia ana e Barry o PCW me Chesshire o RTi ka heke anō te utu i te marama o Oketopa me te marama kotahi. I kī te kamupene whakamutunga he iti iho te hekenga o te PS i te marama o Hepetema i te hekenga o te 14c/lb o ngā utu rauemi mata, ā, i tohu ia ki te puhoi tonu o te tono me te hekenga o ngā utu rauemi mata hei tautoko i ngā hekenga anō, me te kore e puta he whakararuraru nui i te whakaputanga.
He rite tonu te whakaaro o Barry o PCW. Kua piki ake ngā utu o te polystyrene mā te 53 hēneti i te pauna mai i Pēpuere engari kua heke mā te 36 hēneti i te pauna i te tīmatanga o te hauwhā tuawhā, e ai ki tāna. E kite ana ia i te whānuitanga mō ētahi atu tapahi, me te kī pea me tapahi anō e ngā kaiwhakarato te hanga o te styrene monomer me te polystyrene resin.
I kī anō ia ahakoa ko te kawemai o te kapia polystyrene i ngā taonga tuku iho he tata ki te 5% o ngā taonga e wātea ana, ko ngā kawemai kapia polystyrene utu ataahua ake mai i Āhia kua neke ki tēnei wāhanga o te ao, ko te nuinga ki Amerika Latina, nā te mea kua iti ake ngā utu utanga. "Kāore anō kia kitea mēnā he raruraru tēnei mō ngā kaiwhakarato polystyrene o Amerika Te Raki," tana kī.
E ai ki a Mark Kallman, te tumuaki tuarua o RTi mō ngā kapia PVC me ngā kapia hangarau, me Donna Todd, ētita matua i PCW, i heke ngā utu PVC mā te 5 hēneti mō ia pauna i te marama o Ākuhata, me tētahi atu 5 hēneti mō ia pauna i te marama o Hepetema, ā, ko te hekenga katoa ki te 15 hēneti mō ia pauna i te hauwhā tuatoru. Tērā pea ka kite a Kalman i tētahi hekenga ōrite i te marama o Oketopa me tēnei marama. Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga e whai wāhi ana ko te puhoi haere tonu o te tono mai i te marama o Mei, te nui o te tuku i te mākete me ngā horapa nui i waenga i ngā utu kaweake me ngā utu ā-rohe.
I kī a Todd o PCW, he mea hou tēnei hekenga nui o ngā utu i roto i tētahi wā poto nei i roto i te mākete PVC, ā, he maha ngā kaiuru mākete i tumanako kāore ngā utu PVC e heke i te hauwhā tuatahi o te tau 2023, e ai ki te matapae a tētahi tohunga mākete. . . . I te tīmatanga o Oketopa, i kōrero ia "Ahakoa e hiahia ana ngā tukatuka paipa PVC kia iti ake ngā utu kapia, ko te hekenga o ngā utu PVC pērā i te tereina utanga e oma ana ka nui ake pea te utu i a rātou nā te mea ka heke iho ngā utu paipa i ngā utu kapia. I ētahi wā, ka tere ake te hekenga o ngā utu paipa i ngā utu kapia. Kei tērā taha o te whārite ngā kaihanga hangarua i ētahi atu mākete, pērā i te taha me te papa, nā te mea kāore e taea e ēnei mākete te tuku i te pikinga katoa o ngā utu kapia ki ā rātou kiritaki. E harikoa ana rātou ki te kite i te hekenga tere o ngā utu, ā, ka hoki mai ā rātou pakihi ki tētahi taumata o te hua."
I heke ngā utu PET mā te 2 hēneti ki te 3 hēneti/pauna i te marama o Hepetema whai muri i te hekenga o te 20 hēneti/pauna i te marama o Hūrae-Ākuhata, nā te hekenga o ngā utu rauemi mata. E matapaetia ana e Cullman o RTi ka heke anō ngā utu mā te 2-3 hēneti ia pauna i te marama o Oketopa, ā, ka noho pūmau, ka iti iho rānei ngā utu i roto i te marama. He pai tonu te tono, engari he pai te tuku mai i te mākete o roto, ā, kei te rere tonu ngā kaweake i ngā utu ātaahua, e ai ki tāna.
Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga ko te kaha o te tono ā-roto, ā-tāwāhi rānei, te iti o ngā taonga a ngā kaiwhakarato me te pikinga ake o ngā utu rauemi mata nā te whakararuraru i te whakaputanga.