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Ka whakamahia te waikawa stearic (SA) hei rauemi whakarerekētanga āhua (PCM) i roto i ngā taputapu rokiroki pūngao. I roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakamahia te tikanga sol-gel hei whakakī i te surfactant anga SiO2. He maha ngā rahinga o te SA (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, me te 50 karamu) i whakakīia ki roto i te 10 mL o te tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Ko te rauemi whakarerekētanga āhua microencapsulated i hangaia (MEPCM) i tautuhia mā te Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), te X-ray diffraction (XRD), te X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), me te scanning electron microscopy (SEM). I whakaatuhia e ngā hua tautuhi i angitu te whakakī i te SA e te SiO2. I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga thermogravimetric (TGA) he pai ake te pumau wera o te MEPCM i te CA. Mā te whakamahi i te differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), i kitea kāore te uara enthalpy o te MEPCM i rerekē ahakoa i muri i te 30 huringa whakamahana-whakamatao. I roto i ngā tauira katoa i whakakīia ki roto i te kāpūkara iti, ko te 50 karamu o te SA kei roto ko te MEPCM te mea i nui rawa te wera huna o te rewa me te whakapakeketanga, arā, 182.53 J/g me te 160.12 J/g. I tatauhia te uara whai huatanga o te kete mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga wera, ā, i kitea te whai huatanga teitei rawa atu mō taua tauira anō, arā, 86.68%.
Tata ki te 58% o te pūngao e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga hangahanga e whakamahia ana hei whakamahana me te whakamatao i ngā whare1. Nō reira, ko te mea tino nui ko te waihanga i ngā pūnaha pūngao whai hua e whai whakaaro ana ki te parahanga taiao2. Ka taea e te hangarau wera huna e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi huringa āhua (PCM) te penapena pūngao nui i ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana iti3,4,5,6 ā, ka taea te whakamahi whānui i roto i ngā mara pēnei i te whakawhiti wera, te rokiroki pūngao rā, te rererangi me te hauhautanga7,8,9. Ka mimiti te PCM i te pūngao wera mai i ngā taha o waho o te whare i te awatea, ā, ka tukuna te pūngao i te pō10. Nō reira, e taunakihia ana ngā rauemi huringa āhua hei rauemi rokiroki pūngao wera. Hei tāpiri, he momo PCM rerekē pēnei i te totoka-totoka, totoka-wai, wai-hau me te totoka-hau11. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā rauemi huringa āhua rongonui me te whakamahi pinepine ko ngā rauemi huringa āhua totoka-totoka me ngā rauemi huringa āhua totoka-wai. Heoi, he tino uaua te tono nā te nui o ngā huringa rōrahi o ngā rauemi whakawhiti āhua wai-hau me te totoka-hau.
He maha ngā whakamahinga o te PCM nā ōna āhuatanga: ko ngā mea e rewa ana i ngā pāmahana i raro i te 15°C ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā pūnaha hauhautanga hei pupuri i te pāmahana makariri, ā, ko ngā mea e rewa ana i ngā pāmahana i runga ake i te 90°C ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā pūnaha whakamahana hei ārai i ngā ahi12. I runga i te whakamahinga me te awhe ira rewa, kua hangaia ngā momo rauemi huringa āhuahanga mai i ngā matū waro me ngā matū kore-waro rerekē13,14,15. Ko te paraffin te rauemi huringa āhuahanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana me te wera huna teitei, te kore-waikura, te haumaru me te awhe ira rewa whānui16,17,18,19,20,21.
Heoi, nā te iti o te kawe wera o ngā rauemi whakarerekētanga āhuahanga, me whakauru ki roto i tētahi anga (paparanga o waho) hei ārai i te turuturu o te rauemi turanga i te wā o te tukanga whakarerekētanga āhuahanga22. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ngā hapa whakahaere, te pēhanga o waho rānei te kino i te paparanga o waho (te whakakikorua), ā, ka taea e te rauemi whakarerekētanga āhuahanga rewa te tauhohe ki ngā rauemi hanga, ka puta ai te waikura o ngā pae maitai kua whakauruhia, ā, ka whakaitihia te kaha o te whare23. Nō reira, he mea nui kia whakakotahihia ngā rauemi whakarerekētanga āhuahanga kua whakaurua ki roto i te anga me te rauemi anga e ranea ana, ka taea ai te whakaoti i ngā raruraru o runga ake nei24.
Ka taea e te microencapsule o ngā rauemi huringa āhua te whakanui ake i te whakawhiti wera me te whakaiti i te tauhohenga taiao, me te whakahaere i ngā huringa rōrahi. He maha ngā tikanga kua whakawhanakehia mō te PCM encapsulation, arā, ko te interfacial polymerization25,26,27,28, te in situ polymerization29,30,31,32, te coacervation33,34,35 me ngā tukanga sol-gel36,37,38,39. Ka taea te whakamahi i te formaldehyde resin mō te microencapsule40,41,42,43. Ka whakamahia ngā melamine-formaldehyde me ngā urea-formaldehyde resins hei rauemi anga, e tuku ana i te formaldehyde paitini i te wā e whakahaerehia ana. Nō reira, kāore e whakaaetia kia whakamahia ēnei rauemi i roto i ngā tukanga takai. Heoi, ka taea te hanga i ngā rauemi huringa āhua e pai ana ki te taiao mō te rokiroki pūngao wera tauine mā te whakamahi i ngā nanocapsules ranu i runga i ngā waikawa ngako me te lignin 44.
I hangaia e Zhang et al. 45 et al. te waikawa lauric mai i te tetraethyl orthosilicate, ā, i whakatau rātou, i te pikinga ake o te ōwehenga rōrahi o te methyltriethoxysilane ki te tetraethyl orthosilicate, ka heke te wera huna, ā, ka piki ake te hydrophobicity o te mata. Tērā pea he rauemi matua pea te waikawa lauric mō ngā muka kapok46. I tua atu, i hangaia e Latibari et al. 47 ngā PCM e ahu mai ana i te waikawa stearic mā te whakamahi i te TiO2 hei rauemi anga. I whakaritea e Zhu et al. ngā nanocapsules n-octadecane me te silicone hei PCM pea 48. Mai i tētahi arotake o ngā tuhinga, he uaua ki te mārama ki te horopeta kua tūtohutia mō te hanganga o ngā rauemi huringa āhuahanga microencapsulated whai hua, pumau hoki.
Nō reira, ki te mōhio o ngā kaituhi, ko te nui o te rauemi huringa āhua e whakamahia ana mō te microencapsulation he tawhā nui mō te hanga rauemi huringa āhua whai hua, pumau hoki kua microencapsulated. Mā te whakamahi i ngā rahinga rerekē o ngā rauemi huringa āhua ka taea e tātou te whakamārama i ngā āhuatanga rerekē me te pumau o ngā rauemi huringa āhua microencapsulated. Ko te waikawa stearic (waikawa ngako) he matū pai mō te taiao, he mea nui ki te hauora, he matū ōhanga hoki ka taea te whakamahi hei penapena pūngao wera nā te mea he nui te uara enthalpy (~200 J/g) ā, ka taea te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 72 °C. Hei tāpiri, kāore e mura te SiO2, he kaha ake te miihini, he kawe wera me te ātete matū pai ake ki ngā rauemi matua, ā, he rauemi pozzolanic i roto i te hanganga. Ina konatunatua te sima ki te wai, ka pakaru pea ngā PCM kāore i te pai te kapi nā te kakahu miihini me ngā pāmahana teitei (te wera o te wai) i hangaia i roto i ngā hanganga raima nui. Nō reira, mā te whakamahi i te microencapsulated CA me te anga SiO2 ka taea te whakaoti i tēnei raruraru. Nō reira, ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he tirotiro i te mahi me te whai huatanga o ngā PCM i hangaia mā te tukanga sol-gel i roto i ngā tono hanga. I roto i tēnei mahi, i rangahauhia e mātou ngā rahinga rerekē o te SA (hei rauemi turanga) o te 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 me te 50 karamu i roto i ngā anga SiO2. I whakamahia he nui pumau o te tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) i roto i te rōrahi o te 10 ml hei otinga mua mō te hanganga o te anga SiO2.
I hokona mai i Daejung Chemical & Metals Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Kōrea ki te Tonga te waikawa stearic tauhohe (SA, C18H36O2, ira rewa: 72°C) hei rauemi matua. I hokona mai i Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium te Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, C8H20O4Si) hei otinga matua. I tua atu, i hokona mai i Daejung Chemical & Metals Co., Ltd, Gyeonggi-do, Kōrea ki te Tonga te etanoru tino (EA, C2H5OH) me te konutai lauryl sulfate (SLS, C12H25NaO4S), ā, i whakamahia hei whakarewa me hei kaihoroi. Ka whakamahia hoki te wai whakapūkara hei whakarewa.
I konatunatua ngā rahinga rerekē o te SA ki ngā ōwehenga rerekē o te konutai lauryl sulfate (SLS) i roto i te 100 mL o te wai whakapūkara mā te whakamahi i te whakaoho aukume i te 800 rpm me te 75 °C mō te 1 hāora (Ripanga 1). I wehea ngā whakapūkara SA ki ngā rōpū e rua: (1) i konatunatuahia te 5, 10 me te 15 karamu o te SA ki te 0.10 karamu o te SLS i roto i te 100 ml o te wai whakapūkara (SATEOS1, SATEOS2 me SATEOS3), (2) i konatunatuahia te 20, 30 me te 50 karamu o te SA ki te 0.15, 0.20 me te 0.25 karamu o te SLS ki te 100 ml o te wai whakapūkara (SATEOS4, SATEOS5 me SATEOS6). I whakamahia te 0.10 karamu o te SLS me te 5, 10 me te 15 karamu o te SA hei hanga i ngā whakapūkara. Nō muri mai, i whakaarohia kia whakanuia te maha o ngā SLS mō SATEOS4, SATEOS5 me SATEOS6. E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 1 i ngā ōwehenga o te CA me te SLS i whakamahia hei whiwhi i ngā otinga whakaemulsion pumau.
Whakatakotoria he 10 ml TEOS, he 10 ml etanoru (EA) me te 20 ml wai whakapūkara ki roto i tētahi ipukara 100 ml. Hei ako i te whai huatanga o te whakakī i ngā ōwehenga rerekē o ngā anga SA me SiO2, i tuhia te tauwehenga hanga o ngā tauira katoa. I whakaohokia te ranunga ki tētahi whakaoho aukume i te 400 rpm me te 60°C mō te 1 hāora. Kātahi ka tāpirihia te otinga matū ki roto i te wai whakapūkara SA kua whakaritea, i whakaohokia kaha i te 800 rpm me te 75°C mō te 2 hāora, ā, i tātarihia kia puta he paura mā. I horoia te paura mā ki te wai whakapūkara hei tango i te toenga o te SA, ā, i whakamaroketia ki roto i te oumu korehau i te 45°C mō te 24 hāora. Nō reira, i puta he SC kua whakakīia ki roto i te kapi iti me te anga SiO2. Ko te tukanga katoa o te hanga me te whakarite i te SA kua whakakīia ki roto i te kapi iti e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1.
I whakaritea ngā kāpūru iti SA me te anga SiO2 mā te tikanga sol-gel, ā, e whakaaturia ana tō rātou tikanga whakakī i te Pikitia 2. Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te whakarite i tētahi whakapūru SA i roto i tētahi otinga wai me te SLS hei matū horoi. I tēnei take, ka herea te pito hydrophobic o te ngota SA ki te SLS, ā, ka herea te pito hydrophilic ki ngā ngota wai, ka hanga he whakapūru pumau. Nō reira, ka tiakina ngā wāhanga hydrophobic o te SLS, ā, ka kapi i te mata o te pata SA. I tētahi atu taha, ka puta āta te hydrolysis o ngā otinga TEOS e ngā ngota wai, ka hua ake te hanganga o ngā TEOS hydrolyzed i te aroaro o te etanoru (Pikitia 2a) 49,50,51. Ka pāngia te TEOS hydrolyzed e tētahi tauhohenga condensation, i roto i tēnei wā ka hangaia e ngā TEOS hydrolyzed-n ngā tautau silica (Pikitia 2b). I whakakīia ngā tautau silica e te SA52 i te aroaro o te SLS (Pikitia 2c), e kiia nei ko te tukanga microencapsulation.
Te hoahoa kauwhata o te whakakīkī moroiti o te CA me te anga o te SiO2 (a) te waikura o te TEOS (b) te whakapūpūtanga o te waikura me te (c) te whakakīkī o te CA me te anga o te SiO2.
I whakahaerehia te tātari matū o te SA papatipu me te SA moroiti mā te whakamahi i te ine irahiko infrared Fourier transform (FT-IR, Perkin Elmer UATR Two, USA) ā, i tuhia ngā irahiko i te awhe mai i te 500 ki te 4000 cm-1.
I whakamahia he ine whakapūtanga hihi-X (XRD, D/MAX-2500, Rigaku, Hapani) hei tātari i ngā āhua SA papatipu me ngā rauemi moroiti. I mahia te matawai hanganga hihi-X i te awhe 2θ = 5°–95° me te tere matawai o te 4°/min, mā te whakamahi i te irahiko Cu-Kα (λ = 1.541 Å), ngā tikanga whakahaere o te 25 kV me te 100 mA, i roto i te aratau matawai tonu. I hangaia ngā whakaahua hihi-X i te awhe 2θ = 5–50°, nā te mea kāore i kitea he tihi i muri i te 50° i roto i ngā tauira katoa.
I whakahaerehia te tirotiro irahiko whakaahua-X (XPS, Scienta Omicron R3000, USA) mā te whakamahi i te Al Kα (1486.6 eV) hei pūtake hihi-X hei mārama ki te āhua matū o te SA papatipu me ngā huānga kei roto i te rauemi whakakī. I whakatikatikaina ngā irahiko XPS i kohia ki te tihi C 1s mā te whakamahi i te waro tauhou (pūngao here 284.6 eV). Whai muri i te whakatikatika papamuri mā te whakamahi i te tikanga Shirley, i wetewetehia ngā tihi taumira teitei o ia huānga, ā, i whakauruhia ki ngā mahi Gaussian/Lorentzian mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa CASA XPS.
I tirotirohia te āhua o te SC papatipu me te SC kua whakakīia ki roto i te capsule mā te whakamahi i te karuārai hiko matawai (SEM, MIRA3, TESCAN, Brno, Czech Republic) kua rite ki te karuārai hihi-X horapa-pūngao (EDS) i te 15 kV. I mua i te whakaahua SEM, i pania ngā tauira ki te konukawata (Pt) hei karo i ngā pānga utu.
I whakatauhia ngā āhuatanga wera (te pūwāhi rewa/whakapakari me te wera huna) me te pono (te huringa wera) mā te ine ine matawai rerekētanga (DSC, TA Instrument, Discovery DSC, Newcastle, USA) i te tere whakamahana/whakamatao o te 10 °C/min i te 40 °C me te 90°C me te horoinga hauota tonu. I whakahaerehia te tātaritanga whakaheke taumaha mā te whakamahi i te tātaritanga TGA (TA Instrument, Discovery TGA, New Castle, USA) i roto i te rere tonu o te hauota e tīmata ana i te pāmahana o te 40–600 °C, me te tere whakamahana o te 10 °C/min.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 3 i ngā hihi FTIR o te SC papatipu me te SC kua whakakīia ki roto i te moroiti (SATEOS1, SATEOS2, SATEOS3, SATEOS4, SATEOS5 me te SATEOS6). Ko ngā tihi mimiti i te 2910 cm-1 me te 2850 cm-1 i roto i ngā tauira katoa (SA me te SA kua whakakīia ki roto i te moroiti) e pā ana ki ngā wiri totoro ōrite o ngā rōpū –CH3 me te –CH2, ia 10,50. Ko te tihi i te 1705 cm–1 e rite ana ki te totoro wiri o te here C=O. Ko ngā tihi i te 1470 cm-1 me te 1295 cm-1 e pā ana ki te wiri piko-ā-papa o te rōpū mahi –OH, ko ngā tihi i te 940 cm-1 me te 719 cm-1 e rite ana ki te wiri ā-papa me te wiri whakaputanga -papa, ia – rōpū OH. I kitea anō hoki ngā tihi mimiti o te SA i te 2910, 2850, 1705, 1470, 1295, 940 me te 719 cm-1 i roto i ngā SA katoa kua whakakīia ki roto i te microcapsule. Hei tāpiri, i kitea anō he tihi hou i te 1103 cm-1 e rite ana ki te wiri totoro kore-taurite o te roopu Si-O-Si i roto i te microcapsule SA. He rite tonu ngā hua FT-IR ki a Yuan et al. 50. I angitu tā rātou whakarite i te SA kua whakakīia ki roto i te ōwehenga haukini/ethanol, ā, i kitea kāore he taunekeneke matū i waenganui i te SA me te SiO2. E whakaatu ana ngā hua o te rangahau FT-IR o nāianei kua angitu te whakakī a te anga SiO2 i te SA (matua) mā te tukanga whakapūpū me te polymerization o ngā TEOS kua whakapūpūtia. I te iti o te ihirangi SA, he teitei ake te kaha o te roopu Si-O-Si (Pikitia 3b-d). I te pikinga ake o te nui o te SA ki te neke atu i te 15 karamu, ka heke haere te kaha o te tihi me te whānui haere o te roopu Si-O-Si, e tohu ana i te hanganga o tētahi paparanga angiangi o te SiO2 i runga i te mata o te SA.
Ngā irahiko FTIR o (a) SA, (b) SATEOS1, (c) SATEOS2, (d) SATEOS3, (e) SATEOS4, (f) SATEOS5 me (g) SATEOS6.
Kei te Pikitia 4 ngā tauira XRD o te SA papatipu me te SA kua whakakīia ki roto i te kāpia iti. Kei te 2θ = 6.50° (300), 10.94° (500), 15.46° (700), 20.26° \((\overline {5}e ai ki te JCPDS Nama 0381923, 02)\), 21.42° i roto i ngā tauira katoa (311), 24.04° (602) me te 39.98° (913) kua tohaina ki te SA. Ko te whakapohehe me te ranu me te CA papatipu nā ngā āhuatanga koretake pēnei i te surfactant (SLS), ētahi atu matū toenga me te whakakīia ki roto i te kāpia iti o te SiO250. I muri i te whakakīia, ka heke haere te kaha o ngā tihi matua (300), (500), (311), me te (602) ki te whakataurite ki te CA papatipu, e tohu ana i te hekenga o te tioata o te tauira.
Ngā tauira XRD o (a) SA, (b) SATEOS1, (c) SATEOS2, (d) SATEOS3, (e) SATEOS4, (f) SATEOS5 me (g) SATEOS6.
Ka heke tere te kaha o SATEOS1 ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu tauira. Kāore i kitea ētahi atu tihi i roto i ngā tauira katoa kua whakakīia ki roto i te microcapsule (Pikitia 4b–g), e whakaū ana ko te mimiti ā-tinana o te SiO252, kaua ko te taunekeneke matū, ka puta ki te mata o te SA. Hei tāpiri, i whakatauhia hoki kāore te microcapsule o te SA i arahi ki te putanga mai o tētahi hanganga hou. Ka noho tonu te SiO2 i runga i te mata o te SA me te kore he tauhohenga matū, ā, i te hekenga o te nui o te SA, ka kitea ake ngā tihi o nāianei (SATEOS1). E tohu ana tēnei hua ko te SiO2 te nuinga o te wā e whakakīia ana te mata o te SA. Ka ngaro katoa te tihi i te (700), ā, ko te tihi i te \((\overline{5}02)\) ka noho hei pūkohu i roto i te SATEOS 1 (Pikitia 4b), e pā ana ki te hekenga o te tioata me te pikinga o te koretake. He āhua kore-āhua te SiO2, nō reira, he pūkohu, he whānui hoki ngā tihi i kitea mai i te 2θ = 19° ki te 25°53 (Pikitia 4b–g), e whakaū ana i te noho o te SiO252 kore-āhua. Ko te iti o te kaha o te tihi whakarara o te SA kua whakakīia ki roto i te microencapsulated nā te pānga nucleation o te pakitara o roto o te silica me te whanonga whakawhāiti tioata49. E whakaponohia ana me te iti o te ihirangi SA, ka hangaia he anga silica matotoru ake nā te nui o te TEOS, e mimitihia ana ki te mata o waho o te SA. Heoi, i te pikinga o te nui o te SA, ka piki ake te horahanga mata o ngā pata SA i roto i te otinga emulsion, ā, me nui ake te TEOS e hiahiatia ana mō te whakakī tika. Nō reira, me te nui ake o te ihirangi SA, ka pehia te tihi SiO2 i roto i te FT-IR (Pikitia 3), ā, ka heke te kaha o te tihi whakarara tata ki te 2θ = 19–25° i roto i te XRF (Pikitia 4) ā, ka heke hoki te whānui. Kāore e kitea. Heoi, e kitea ana i te Pikitia 4, i te wā tonu ka whakanuia te nui o te SA mai i te 5 karamu (SATEOS1) ki te 50 karamu (SATEOS6), ka tata rawa ngā tihi ki te SA papatipu, ā, ka puta te tihi i te (700) me ngā kaha tihi katoa kua tautuhia. E hono ana tēnei hua ki ngā hua FT-IR, kei reira te kaha o te tihi SiO2 SATEOS6 ka heke i te 1103 cm-1 (Pikitia 3g).
Ko ngā āhua matū o ngā huānga kei roto i te SA, SATEOS1 me te SATEOS6 e whakaaturia ana i ngā Pikitia 1 me te 2. Ko ngā Pikitia 5, 6, 7 me te 8 me te Ripanga 2. Ko ngā matawai ine mō te SA, SATEOS1 me te SATEOS6 e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 5, ā, ko ngā matawai taumira teitei mō te C 1s, O 1s me te Si 2p e whakaaturia ana i ngā Pikitia 5, 6, 7 me te 8 me te Ripanga 2. 6, 7 me te 8. Ko ngā uara pūngao here i whiwhihia e te XPS e whakarāpopototia ana i te Ripanga 2. E kitea ana i te Pikitia 5, i kitea ngā tihi Si 2s me te Si 2p mārama i roto i te SATEOS1 me te SATEOS6, i reira i puta ai te microencapsulation o te anga SiO2. Kua pūrongohia e ngā kairangahau o mua he tihi Si 2s rite tonu i te 155.1 eV54. Ko te aroaro o ngā tihi Si i roto i te SATEOS1 (Pikitia 5b) me te SATEOS6 (Pikitia 5c) e whakaū ana i ngā raraunga FT-IR (Pikitia 3) me te XRD (Pikitia 4).
E ai ki te Whakaahua 6 a, e toru ngā tihi rerekē o te C 1s o te SA papatipu, arā, ko te CC, te caliphatic, me te O=C=O i te pūngao here, arā, ko te 284.5 eV, 285.2 eV, me te 289.5 eV. I kitea anō hoki ngā tihi C–C, te caliphatic me te O=C=O i roto i te SATEOS1 (Pikitia 6b) me te SATEOS6 (Pikitia 6c) ā, kua whakarāpopototia ki te Ripanga 2. Haunga tēnei, e rite ana hoki te tihi C 1s ki tētahi atu tihi Si-C i te 283 .1 eV (SATEOS1) me te 283.5 eV (SATEOS6). He pai te hononga o ngā pūngao here i kitea mō te C–C, te caliphatic, te O=C=O me te Si–C ki ētahi atu pūtake55,56.
Kei roto i ngā Pikitia 7a–c ngā hihi XPS o O1 SA, SATEOS1 me SATEOS6. Kua wetewetehia te tihi O1s o te SA papatipu, ā, e rua ngā tihi, arā, ko C=O/C–O (531.9 eV) me C–O–H (533.0 eV), ko te O1 ia o SATEOS1 me SATEOS6 he rite tonu. e toru noa iho ngā tihi: C=O/C–O, C–O–H me Si–OH55,57,58. He paku rerekē te kaha here O1s i roto i te SATEOS1 me SATEOS6 ki te whakataurite ki te SA papatipu, e pā ana ki te huringa o te kongakonga matū nā te noho mai o te SiO2 me te Si-OH i roto i te rauemi anga.
Kei te whakaatuhia ngā hihi XPS Si 2p o SATEOS1 me SATEOS6 i te Pikitia 8a me te b. I roto i te CA papatipu, kāore i kitea te Si 2p nā te korenga o te SiO2. Ko te tihi Si 2p e rite ana ki te 105.4 eV mō SATEOS1 me te 105.0 eV mō SATEOS6, e rite ana ki te Si-O-Si, ko te tihi SATEOS1 ia ko te 103.5 eV, ā, ko te tihi SATEOS6 ko te 103.3 eV, e rite ana ki te Si-OH55. Nā te whakaurunga o te tihi Si-O-Si me te Si-OH i roto i te SATEOS1 me te SATEOS6 i whakaatu te angitu o te microencapsulation o te SiO2 i runga i te mata matua SA.
He mea tino nui te āhua o te rauemi kua whakakīia ki roto i te moroiti, e pā ana ki te wairewatanga, te pumautanga, te tauhohenga matū, te rere me te kaha59. Nō reira, i whakamahia te SEM hei whakaahua i te āhua o te SA papatipu (100×) me te SA kua whakakīia ki roto i te moroiti (500×), e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 9. E kitea ana i te Pikitia 9a, he āhua porowhita te poraka SA. Neke atu i te 500 maikoroni te rahi o te matūriki. Heoi, ina haere tonu te tukanga whakakīia ki roto i te moroiti, ka tino rerekē te āhua, e whakaaturia ana i ngā Pikitia 9 b–g.
Ngā whakaahua SEM o (a) SA (×100), (b) SATEOS1, (c) SATEOS2, (d) SATEOS3, (e) SATEOS4, (f) SATEOS5 me (g) SATEOS6 i ×500.
I roto i te tauira SATEOS1, ka kitea ngā matūriki SA iti ake kua takaihia ki te SiO2 me te mata taratara (Pikitia 9b), tera pea nā te waikura me te whakakotahitanga o te TEOS i runga i te mata SA, ka tere ake te horapa tere o ngā ngota etanoru. Nō reira, ka whakatakotoria ngā matūriki SiO2, ā, ka kitea te whakakotahitanga52,60. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei anga SiO2 te kaha miihini ki ngā matūriki CA kua whakakīia ki roto i te moroiti, ā, ka ārai hoki i te turuturu o te CA rewa i ngā pāmahana teitei ake10. E tohu ana tēnei hua ka taea te whakamahi i ngā moroiti SA kei roto te SiO2 hei rauemi rokiroki pūngao pea61. E kitea ana i te Pikitia 9b, he rite te tohatoha matūriki o te tauira SATEOS1 me te paparanga SiO2 matotoru e whakakī ana i te SA. Ko te rahi o te matūriki o te SA kua whakakīia ki roto i te moroiti (SATEOS1) he tata ki te 10–20 μm (Pikitia 9b), he iti ake i te SA papatipu nā te iti o te ihirangi SA. Ko te matotoru o te paparanga moroiti-kapsule nā ​​te waikura me te whakapūpūtanga o te wairewa matū. Ka puta te whakapūpū i ngā horopeta iti o te SA, arā, tae atu ki te 15 karamu (Pikitia 9b-d), engari i te wā ka whakanuia te horopeta, kāore he whakapūpū e kitea ana, engari ka kitea ngā matūriki porowhita kua tautuhia mārama (Pikitia 9e-g) 62.
Hei tāpiritanga, ina pumau te nui o te matūriki SLS, ka pāngia hoki te pai o te mahi, te āhua me te tohatoha rahi o te matūriki e te nui o te SA (SATEOS1, SATEOS2 me te SATEOS3). Nō reira, i kitea he iti ake te rahi o te matūriki e te SATEOS1, he ōrite te tohatoha me te mata matotoru (Pikitia 9b), i kīia ko te āhua hydrophilic o te SA e whakatairanga ana i te nucleation tuarua i raro i te matūriki pumau63. E whakaponohia ana mā te whakanui ake i te nui o te SA mai i te 5 ki te 15 karamu (SATEOS1, SATEOS2 me te SATEOS3) me te whakamahi i te nui pumau o te matūriki, arā, 0.10 karamu SLS (Ripanga 1), ka heke te takoha o ia matūriki o te ngota matūriki, ā, ka whakaitihia te rahi o te matūriki me te rahi o te matūriki. He rerekē te tohatoha o SATEOS2 (Pikitia 9c) me SATEOS3 (Pikitia 9d) i te tohatoha o SATEOS 1 (Pikitia 9b).
Ki te whakataurite ki a SATEOS1 (Pikitia 9b), i whakaatu a SATEOS2 i te āhua matotoru o te SA kua whakakīia ki roto i te moroiti, ā, ka piki ake te rahi o te matūriki (Pikitia 9c). Nā te whakakotahitanga 49 tēnei, e whakaiti ana i te tere whakapūmau (Pikitia 2b). I te pikinga ake o te nui o te SC me te pikinga ake o te SLS, ka kitea mārama ngā moroiti, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia me pēhea te whakakotahitanga. Hei tāpiri, e whakaatu ana ngā Pikitia 9e–g he porowhita te āhua me te rahi o ngā matūriki katoa. Kua mōhiotia i te aroaro o te nui o te SA, ka taea te whiwhi i te nui e tika ana o ngā oligomer silica, ka puta ai te whakapūmautanga me te whakakīkītanga e tika ana, ā, nō reira ka hangaia ngā moroiti kua tautuhia pai49. Mai i ngā hua SEM, e mārama ana i hangaia e SATEOS6 ngā moroiti e rite ana ki te whakataurite ki te iti o te SA.
Kei te Ripanga 3 ngā hua o te mātakitaki hihi-X marara pūngao (EDS) o te SA papatipu me te SA moroiti. E kitea ana i tēnei ripanga, ka heke haere te ihirangi Si mai i SATEOS1 (12.34%) ki SATEOS6 (2.68%). Ka piki ake te SA. Nō reira, ka taea e tātou te kī ko te pikinga o te nui o te SA ka heke te whakatakotoranga o te SiO2 ki runga i te mata o te SA. Kāore he uara ōrite mō ngā ihirangi C me te O i roto i te Ripanga 3 nā te tātari haurua-tau o te EDS51. I honoa te ihirangi Si o te SA moroiti ki ngā hua FT-IR, XRD me te XPS.
Ko te whanonga rewa me te totoka o te SA papatipu me te SA kua whakakīia ki roto i te anga SiO2 e whakaaturia ana i roto i ngā Pikitia 1 me te 2. E whakaaturia ana i roto i ngā Pikitia 10 me te 11, ā, ko ngā raraunga wera e whakaaturia ana i roto i te Ripanga 4. I kitea he rerekē ngā pāmahana rewa me te totoka o te SA kua whakakīia ki roto i te papatipu. I te pikinga o te nui o te SA, ka piki ake ngā pāmahana rewa me te totoka, ā, ka tata ki ngā uara o te SA papatipu. I muri i te whakakīia ki roto i te papatipu SA, ka piki ake te pāmahana tioata o te pakitara silica, ā, ka mahi tōna pakitara hei matua hei whakatairanga i te rerekētanga. Nō reira, i te pikinga o te nui o te SA, ka piki haere hoki ngā pāmahana rewa (Pikitia 10) me te totoka (Pikitia 11)49,51,64. I roto i ngā tauira SA katoa kua whakakīia ki roto i te papatipu, ko SATEOS6 te mea i whakaatu i ngā pāmahana rewa me te totoka teitei rawa atu, ā, whai muri ko SATEOS5, SATEOS4, SATEOS3, SATEOS2, me SATEOS1.
Ko te SATEOS1 e whakaatu ana i te ira rewa iti rawa (68.97 °C) me te pāmahana whakapakeketanga (60.60 °C), nā te iti o te rahi o te matūriki, he tino iti te nekehanga o ngā matūriki SA i roto i ngā moroiti-kāpūkara, ā, he matotoru te paparanga o te anga SiO2, nō reira ka whakawhāitihia e te Rauemi Matua te totoro me te nekehanga49. E pā ana tēnei whakapae ki ngā hua SEM, i whakaatuhia e SATEOS1 he iti ake te rahi o te matūriki (Pikitia 9b), nā te mea kei roto i te wāhi iti rawa o ngā moroiti-kāpūkara ngā ngota SA. Ko te rerekētanga o ngā pāmahana rewa me te whakapakeketanga o te papatipu matua, me ngā moroiti-kāpūkara SA katoa me ngā anga SiO2, kei roto i te awhe 6.10–8.37 °C. E tohu ana tēnei hua ka taea te whakamahi i te SA kua whakakīia ki roto i te moroiti-kāpūkara hei rauemi rokiroki pūngao pea nā te pai o te kawe wera o te anga SiO2 65.
E kitea ana i te Ripanga 4, ko SATEOS6 te mea kei a ia te enthalpy teitei rawa atu i roto i ngā SC katoa kua whakakīia ki roto i te microcapsulated (Pikitia 9g) nā te tika o te whakakīia i kitea e SEM. Ka taea te tatau i te tere tākai SA mā te whakamahi i te whārite (1). (1) Mā te whakatairite i ngā raraunga wera huna o te SA49 kua whakakīia ki roto i te microcapsulated.
Ko te uara R e tohu ana i te nekehanga whakakī (%) o te SC kua whakakīia ki roto i te moroiti, ko te ΔHMEPCM,m e tohu ana i te wera huna o te hanumitanga o te SC kua whakakīia ki roto i te moroiti, ā, ko te ΔHPCM,m e tohu ana i te wera huna o te hanumitanga o te SC. Hei tāpiri, ka tatauhia te whai huatanga o te takai (%) hei tawhā hangarau nui anō, e whakaaturia ana i te Whārite (1). (2)49.
Ko te uara E e tohu ana i te whai huatanga o te whakakīkī (%) o te CA kua whakakīkītia ki roto i te moroiti, ko te ΔHMEPCM,s e tohu ana i te wera huna o te whakaora o te CA kua whakakīkītia ki roto i te moroiti, ā, ko te ΔHPCM,s e tohu ana i te wera huna o te whakaora o te CA.
E ai ki te Ripanga 4, ko te taumata tākai me te whai huatanga o SATEOS1 he 71.89% me te 67.68%, ia, ā, ko te taumata tākai me te whai huatanga o SATEOS6 he 90.86% me te 86.68%, ia (Ripanga 4). Ko te tauira SATEOS6 te mea e whakaatu ana i te tauwehenga me te whai huatanga teitei rawa atu i roto i ngā SA katoa kua whakakīia ki roto i te moroiti, e tohu ana i tōna kaha wera teitei. Nō reira, ko te whakawhiti mai i te totoka ki te wai e hiahia ana ki te nui o te pūngao. Hei tāpiri, ko te rerekētanga o ngā pāmahana rewa me te whakapakeketanga o ngā moroiti SA katoa me te SA papatipu i te wā o te tukanga whakamatao e tohu ana kei te herea te anga silica ki te wāhi i te wā o te hanganga moroiti. Nō reira, e whakaatu ana ngā hua i te pikinga o te nui o te SC, ka piki haere te tere me te whai huatanga o te whakakīia (Ripanga 4).
Kei te Pikitia 12 ngā kōpiko TGA o te SA papatipu me te SA moroiti me te anga SiO2 (SATEOS1, SATEOS3 me te SATEOS6). I whakaritea ngā āhuatanga pumau wera o te SA papatipu (SATEOS1, SATEOS3 me te SATEOS6) ki ngā tauira kua whakakīia ki roto i te kāpia moroiti. E mārama ana i te kōpiko TGA ko te whakahekenga taumaha o te SA papatipu me te SA moroiti e whakaatu ana i te hekenga maeneene me te iti rawa mai i te 40°C ki te 190°C. I tēnei pāmahana, kāore te SC papatipu e pirau i te wera, engari ko te SC moroiti ka tukuna te wai mimiti ahakoa i muri i te maroke i te 45 °C mō te 24 hāora. Nā tēnei i iti ai te whakahekenga taumaha,49 engari i tua atu i tēnei pāmahana ka tīmata te pirau o te rauemi. I te iti o te ihirangi SA (arā, SATEOS1), he teitei ake te ihirangi wai mimiti, nō reira he teitei ake te ngaronga papatipu tae atu ki te 190 °C (whakaurunga i te Pikitia 12). Ina piki ake te pāmahana ki runga ake i te 190 °C, ka tīmata te ngaro o te papatipu o te tauira nā ngā tukanga pirau. Ka tīmata te pirau o te SA papatipu i te 190°C, ā, e 4% anake e toe ana i te 260°C, ko SATEOS1, SATEOS3 me SATEOS6 e pupuri ana i te 50%, 20% me te 12% i tēnei pāmahana. I muri i te 300 °C, ko te ngaronga papatipu o te SA papatipu tata ki te 97.60%, ko te ngaronga papatipu o SATEOS1, SATEOS3, me SATEOS6 tata ki te 54.20%, 82.40%, me te 90.30%. I te pikinga o te ihirangi SA, ka heke te ihirangi SiO2 (Ripanga 3), ā, ka kitea te angiangi o te anga i roto i te SEM (Pikitia 9). Nō reira, he iti ake te whakahekenga taumaha o te SA kua whakakīia ki roto i te capsules iti ki te SA papatipu, e whakamāramahia ana e ngā āhuatanga pai o te anga SiO2, e whakatairanga ana i te hanganga o te paparanga silicate-waro waro i runga i te mata o te SA, ā, ka wehea te matua o te SA me te whakaroa i te tukunga o ngā hua pūngoi10. Ka hangaia e tēnei paparanga waro he arai tiaki tinana i te wā e memeha ana te wera, e whakawhāiti ana i te whakawhiti o ngā ngota mura ki roto i te āhua hau66,67. Haunga tēnei, ka kitea hoki ngā hua whakahekenga taumaha nui: He iti ake ngā uara o te SATEOS1 ki te SATEOS3, SATEOS6 me te SA. Nā te mea he iti ake te nui o te SA i roto i te SATEOS1 i te SATEOS3 me te SATEOS6, kei reira te anga SiO2 e hanga ana i tētahi paparanga matotoru. He rerekē, ko te whakahekenga taumaha katoa o te SA papatipu ka eke ki te 99.50% i te 415 °C. Heoi, i whakaatuhia e SATEOS1, SATEOS3, me SATEOS6 te whakahekenga taumaha 62.50%, 85.50%, me te 93.76%, ia, i te 415 °C. E whakaatu ana tēnei hua mā te tāpiri o TEOS ka whakapai ake i te pirau o te SA mā te hanga i tētahi paparanga SiO2 i runga i te mata o te SA. Ka taea e ēnei paparanga te hanga i tētahi arai tiaki ā-tinana, nō reira ka kitea he whakapainga i roto i te pumau wera o te CA kua whakakīia ki roto i te capsules iti.
Ko ngā hua pono o te wera o te SA papatipu me te tauira pai rawa atu kua whakakīia ki roto i te moroiti (arā, SATEOS 6) i muri i te 30 huringa whakamahana me te whakamatao o DSC51,52 e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 13. Ka kitea kāore te SA papatipu (Pikitia 13a) e whakaatu ana i tētahi rerekētanga i roto i te pāmahana rewa, te uara whakapakeketanga me te enthalpy, ko SATEOS6 (Pikitia 13b) kāore e whakaatu i tētahi rerekētanga i roto i te pāmahana me te uara enthalpy ahakoa i muri i te huringa whakamahana 30. I whakaatuhia e te SA papatipu he ira rewa o te 72.10 °C, he pāmahana whakapakeketanga o te 64.69 °C, ā, ko te wera o te hanumi me te whakapakeketanga i muri i te huringa tuatahi ko 201.0 J/g me te 194.10 J/g. I muri i te huringa 30, i heke te ira rewa o ēnei uara ki te 71.24 °C, i heke te pāmahana whakapakeketanga ki te 63.53 °C, ā, i heke te uara enthalpy mā te 10%. Ko ngā panonitanga o ngā pāmahana rewa me te whakapakeketanga, me te hekenga o ngā uara enthalpy, e tohu ana kāore e pono te CA papatipu mō ngā tono kore-microencapsulation. Heoi, i muri i te puta o te microencapsulation tika (SATEOS6), kāore ngā pāmahana rewa me te whakapakeketanga me ngā uara enthalpy e rerekē (Pikitia 13b). Kia whakamārōhia ki ngā anga SiO2, ka taea te whakamahi i te SA hei rauemi whakarerekētanga āhuahanga i roto i ngā tono wera, inā koa i roto i te hanganga, nā te mea he pai te pāmahana rewa me te whakapakeketanga me te enthalpy pumau.
Ngā kōpiko DSC i whiwhihia mō ngā tauira SA (a) me SATEOS6 (b) i te huringa whakamahana me te whakamatao tuatahi me te 30.
I roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakahaerehia he rangahau pūnaha mō te microencapsule mā te whakamahi i te SA hei rauemi matua, me te SiO2 hei rauemi anga. Ka whakamahia te TEOS hei matū mua hei hanga i tētahi paparanga tautoko SiO2 me tētahi paparanga tiaki i runga i te mata o te SA. Whai muri i te hanganga angitu o te microencapsule SA, i whakaatuhia e ngā hua FT-IR, XRD, XPS, SEM me te EDS te aroaro o te SiO2. E whakaatu ana te tātari SEM kei te whakaatu te tauira SATEOS6 i ngā matūriki porowhita kua tautuhia pai e karapotia ana e ngā anga SiO2 i runga i te mata o te SA. Heoi, ko te MEPCM me te iti o te ihirangi SA e whakaatu ana i te whakakotahitanga, e whakaiti ana i te mahi a te PCM. I whakaatuhia e te tātari XPS te aroaro o te Si-O-Si me te Si-OH i roto i ngā tauira microcapsule, i whakaatu i te mimiti o te SiO2 i runga i te mata o te SA. E ai ki te tātari mahi wera, e whakaatu ana a SATEOS6 i te kaha rokiroki wera tino whai hua, me ngā pāmahana rewa me te totoka o te 70.37°C me te 64.27°C, ia, me te wera huna o te rewa me te totoka o te 182.53 J/g me te 160.12 J/g. G. ia. Ko te whai huatanga mōrahi o te takai o SATEOS6 ko te 86.68%. I whakaūhia e te tātari huringa wera TGA me te DSC kei te pai tonu te pumau me te pono o te wera o SATEOS6 ahakoa kua 30 ngā tukanga whakamahana me te whakamatao.
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