Ko te uara o te mākete pungarehu houra o te ao ko te US$ 20.62 piriona i te tau 2025, ā, e matapaetia ana ka eke ki te US$ 26.67 piriona i te tau 2034, ka tipu i te CAGR o te 2.90% i waenga i te tau 2025-2034. Ko te rahi o te mākete o Āhia me te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa e matapaetia ana ko te US$ 11.34 piriona i te tau 2025, ka tipu i te CAGR o te 2.99% i roto i te wā matapae. Ko te rahi o te mākete me ngā matapae e ahu mai ana i te moni whiwhi (US$ Miriona/Piriona), ko te tau 2024 te tau turanga.
Ko te uara o te mākete pungarehu houra o te ao ko te US$ 20.04 piriona i te tau 2024, ā, e matapaetia ana ka piki ake mai i te US$ 20.62 piriona i te tau 2025 ki te tata ki te US$ 26.67 piriona i te tau 2034, i te CAGR o te 2.90% mai i te tau 2025 ki te 2034. Ko te tipu o te mākete e akiakihia ana e te pikinga o te tono mō ngā hua karāhe i roto i ngā ahumahi motuka me te hoahoanga.
Mā te whakamahi i te hangarau matauranga horihori (AI) ki te hanga pungarehu houra ka taea te whakapai ake i te kounga me te hua o te hua. Ka taea e ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana e te AI te tātari i ngā raraunga tukanga whakaputa i te wā tūturu me te tautuhi i ngā hapa. Ka taea hoki e ngā hangarau e whakamahia ana e te AI te tautuhi i ngā wāhi hei whakapai ake, te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te wā kore mahi, me te arotau i ngā mahi. Ka taea hoki e ngā rauropi AI te whakapai ake i ngā tukanga whakahaere kounga mā te whakarerekē i ngā tawhā hei whakarite i te hanga pungarehu houra kounga teitei. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te hangarau AI te tātari i ngā au o te mākete me te matapae i te hiahia mō te pungarehu houra a meake nei, e āhei ai ngā kaihanga ki te whakarerekē i te whakaputa me te whakahaere i ngā taumata taonga.
Ko te uara o te mākete pungarehu houra o Āhia me te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ko te US$ 11.02 piriona i te tau 2024, ā, e matapaetia ana ka eke ki te US$ 14.8 piriona i te tau 2034, ka tipu i te CAGR o te 2.99% mai i te tau 2025 ki te 2034.
He nui te wāhi mākete kei Āhia-Kiwa, ā, e tūpono ana kia noho hei rangatira mō te mākete pungarehu houra i te tau 2024. Ko te tere o te ahumahi te take o te tipu o te mākete i te rohe, ā, kua piki ake te hiahia mō te pungarehu houra i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i ngā matū, te karāhe, me ngā hopi horoi. Nā te whanaketanga o ngā tukanga hanga matū me te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakaputa pumau kua piki ake te hiahia mō te pungarehu houra. Kei te haumi ngā kāwanatanga o te rohe ki ngā kaupapa hanganga, ā, koinei te take e piki ake ai te hiahia mō ngā hua karāhe kounga teitei, ā, he nui te mahi a te pungarehu houra i roto i te hanga.
He nui te takoha a Haina ki te mākete karāhe. I Haina, kei te tere te whanaketanga o te umanga hangahanga nā te tere o te tukanga tāone me te whanaketanga tonu o te hanganga hanganga. I te whanaketanga o te hanganga hanganga, ka piki ake hoki te hiahia mō te karāhe. Hei tāpiri, he nui ngā rauemi taiao o Haina, tae atu ki te kōhatu kōhatu me te pungarehu houra, he rauemi mata matua mō te hanga karāhe. Kua nui te haumi a Haina ki te whakapai ake i ōna kaha hanga, ā, kua taea e te umanga karāhe te whakaputa hua karāhe i roto i ngā rahi, ngā āhua, me ngā matotoru rerekē, ā, ka whai wāhi atu ki te tipu o te mākete.
He tūranga nui anō hoki tā Īnia i roto i te mākete pungarehu houra o Āhia me te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa. Nā te arotahi ki ngā tikanga whakaputa pumau, kei te piki haere te hiahia mō te pungarehu houra tūturu mō ngā tukanga ahumahi. Nā te tere o te tipu o te umanga motuka me te pikinga tonu o te hanga motuka kua piki ake te hiahia mō te karāhe. Nā te mea he tūranga nui tā te pungarehu houra i roto i te hanga matū, kei te tere te tipu o te umanga matū i Īnia, ā, ka whai wāhi atu ki te tipu o te mākete.
E matapaetia ana ko Amerika Te Raki te wāhi e tere haere ai te tipu i ngā tau e haere ake nei. Ko te tipu o te mākete i tēnei rohe nā te nui o ngā rauemi taiao e akiaki ana. Ko te tipu o te umanga karāhe kei te whai wāhi atu ki te tipu o te mākete. He nui te hiahia mō te karāhe papatahi i roto i te umanga hanga. Nā te tipu o ngā whare teitei i whakapiki ake te hiahia mō te karāhe, ā, nā reira i whai wāhi atu ki te tipu o te mākete ā-rohe.
E matapaetia ana ko te Hononga o Amerika te rangatira o te mākete pungarehu houra o Amerika Te Raki. Ko te Hononga o Amerika, inā koa ko Wyoming, te whenua kei a ia ngā putunga pungarehu houra nui rawa atu o te ao, ā, he puna nui hoki mō te pungarehu houra. E 90% o te hanga pungarehu houra i te Hononga o Amerika te take o tēnei kohuke. Hei tāpiri, ko te Hononga o Amerika te whenua kaweake nui rawa atu o te pungarehu houra o te ao. Ko te umanga maimoatanga wai e tere haere ana i te whenua tētahi atu take o te tipu o te mākete.
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te pungarehu houra i roto i ngā ahumahi maha pērā i ngā kakahu, ngā hopi horoi me te karāhe. He matū nui te pungarehu houra i roto i ngā tukanga ahumahi maha tae atu ki te hanga. Ka whakamahia hoki hei whakaputa i te konutai percarbonate, te konutai silicate, te konutai phosphate me te konutai paikāponate. Ka whakamahia te pungarehu houra hei whakahaere i te kawakore o te wai me te whakarite i te pH i roto i te purenga wai. Ka taea e ia te whakanui ake i te pH o te wai waikawa me te whakaiti i te waikura. Ka āwhina i te tango i ngā poke me ngā konganuku taumaha, ā, ka whakapai ake i te kounga me te haumaru o te wai inu. He mahi nui anō hoki tā te pungarehu houra i roto i te hanga konumohe, ka taea ai te teitei ake o te parakore o te konumohe me ngā hua pai ake.
Ko te pikinga ake o te whakamahinga o te pungarehu houra mō ngā kaupapa tiaki taiao he mea nui hei akiaki i te tipu o te mākete pungarehu houra. Kei te piki haere te whakamahinga o te pungarehu houra hei tango i te hauhā whanariki me ētahi atu matū kino mai i ngā hau paru ahumahi, tae atu ki ngā mea e tukuna ana e te kaipuke me ētahi atu ahumahi, hei whakaiti i te parahanga o te hau. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui te whakamahinga o te pungarehu houra i roto i te maimoatanga wai ki te whakapūmau i ngā parahanga kino pēnei i te āheniki me te radium, ā, nā reira ka whakapai ake i te kounga o te wai me te tiaki i te hauora o te marea. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te tapuwae taiao o ngā momo ahumahi ēnei tono hoa-taiao engari ka whakatuwhera hoki i ngā whai wāhitanga hou, ka waiho te pungarehu houra hei wāhanga nui i roto i ngā mahi ahumahi.
He pānga nui tō ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā utu pūngao ki te hanga pungarehu houra. He tukanga e nui ana te kaha e whakamahia ana mō te hanga pungarehu houra. E rua ngā tukanga whakaputa matua: ko te tukanga Trona me te tukanga Solvay. He nui te kaha e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tikanga e rua. Kua noho te whakamahinga pūngao hei āwangawanga nui mā ngā kaihanga pungarehu houra i te mea ka piki ake ngā utu pūngao, ka whakaiti i te hua me te hanga raruraru i roto i te mākete pungarehu houra.
Nā te whakamahinga o te hangarau hopu me te whakamahi waro (CCU) i roto i te umanga pungarehu houra kua huaki he whai wāhitanga nui mō te mākete. Nā te pikinga ake o ngā ture taiao me te pēhanga ture ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga CO2, ka tukuna e te hangarau CCU he otinga whai hua hei hopu i ngā tukunga waro mai i ngā tukanga hanga me te huri i aua tukunga hei hua taha whai hua. Mā ngā tono pēnei i te warohanga kohuke ka taea te whakaputa rauemi hanga matomato mai i te CO2 kua hopukina, ko ētahi atu tukanga ka huri i te CO2 hei matū pēnei i te methanol, ka hangaia he awa moni hou. Mā tēnei nekehanga auaha mai i ngā tukunga ki ngā hua ka āwhina i ngā kaihanga ki te whakaiti i ō rātou tapuwae waro, ā, ka huaki anō hoki ngā whai wāhitanga tipu hou mō te mākete pungarehu houra.
I te tau 2024, ko te mākete pungarehu houra hangai te mea nui rawa atu. Nā te pikinga ake o te whakamahinga o te pungarehu houra hangai i roto i te hanga karāhe te take matua o tēnei. E rua ngā tikanga mō te whakaputa pungarehu houra hangai: ko te tukanga Solvay me te tukanga Hou. Ka taea e ēnei tukanga te whakahaere pai i te kounga, ā, ka puta he hua pumau ake. He parakore ake te pungarehu houra hangai, ā, he pai mō ngā tono uaua.
E matapaetia ana ka tino tipu te mākete mō te pungarehu houra tūturu i ngā tau e haere ake nei. He iti ake te utu mō te hanga pungarehu houra tūturu nā te mea he iti ake te wai me te pūngao e hiahiatia ana i te pungarehu houra hangai. E kiia ana he pai te hanga pungarehu houra tūturu mō te taiao nā te mea he iti noa ngā hau kati kōtuhi e puta mai ana. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te hanga hopi me ngā hua horoi.
I te tau 2024, ko te umanga karāhe te mea nui rawa atu i roto i te mākete pungarehu houra, nā te mea he matū nui te pungarehu houra i roto i te hanga karāhe. Ka whakamahia hei rere hei whakaheke i te ira rewa o te silicon. Ko te tere o te whanaketanga o te umanga karāhe me te pikinga ake o te whakamahinga o ngā hua karāhe i roto i ngā umanga motuka me ngā umanga hoahoanga ngā mea e akiaki ana i te tipu o te umanga. Ko te kawakore o te pungarehu houra e āwhina ana ki te whiwhi i te āhua e hiahiatia ana o ngā hua karāhe, ka waiho hei rauemi mata e kore e taea te whakamahi i roto i te hanga karāhe.
E matapaetia ana ka kitea he tipu nui i roto i te wā matapae mō te wāhanga matū. Ka whakamahia te pungarehu houra hei hanga matū pēnei i te konutai phosphate, te konutai silicate, me te konutai paikāpōnate. Ka whakamahia hoki hei hanga tae, tae, me ngā rongoā, tae atu ki te pepa, te hopi, me ngā hopi horoi. Ka whakamahia te pungarehu houra hei whakangawari wai nā te mea kei roto i te wai mārō ngā iona konupūmā me te konupora kua tau.
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