Ngā Āwhina Kakahu. Ka whakamahia he whakangawari hiato (i ahu mai i te waikawa thiodisuccinic mekameka roa ester, i hangaia mai i te MA maleic anhydride me te stearyl alcohol) hei whakangawari i ngā papanga miro, hiraka, me te polyester. Ka whakamahia hoki te MA hei hanga i ngā kaihoko mā rama me ngā kaiwhakamarara tae mō te tā me te tae kakahu.
Ngā Tāpiringa Hinu. Ka tāpirihia ngā mea whakaiti i te ira ringihanga hinu (i hangaia mai i ngā ester maleate me ngā ester fumarate) ki ngā hinu whakahinuhinu me te hinu hei whakapai ake i te rere o te pāmahana iti.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-21-2026
